adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a marginal seatBritish English (= one that a party might easily lose)
▪ The party also successfully targeted marginal seats in key areas.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADVERB
as
▪ But to see them as marginal or peripheral is something else again.
▪ But what happens at school can then further define the child as unusual, as marginal.
▪ Women's political life is characterised as marginal, shallow and inauthentic in comparison with that of men.
▪ Yet the shift is perceived by many as marginal.
▪ Its implications for women and families have been explored, rather than dismissed as marginal phenomena.
more
▪ A more marginal case is where the defendant is seen to be raising his fists in anticipation of the fight.
▪ In the age of mass communications, politics is becoming ever more marginal.
▪ In Sussex they are much more important for their breeding birds than reservoirs as they generally have much more marginal vegetation.
▪ Then, as now, population pressures pushed cultivation into ever-steeper and more marginal growing regions.
▪ However, SERPs has become a more marginal system as a result of recent changes in the legislation relating to pensions.
most
▪ One of the country's two most marginal seats, Brecon and Radnor, also declares today.
▪ The simple reason for that is that farmers put their most marginal and least productive land into set-aside.
only
▪ These political costs, moreover, produced only marginal gains in terms of local government expenditure control.
▪ Other companies have had only marginal success.
▪ But it seems only marginal to our treatment of them and, not surprisingly, highly informal.
▪ However, the Soviet initiative attracted only marginal support from the states in the region.
▪ The consensus on full employment lasted as long as measures to achieve full employment involved only marginal changes to society.
very
▪ Economic analysis of this scheme, however, showed it to be very marginal.
■ NOUN
area
▪ Catholics and Protestants in marginal areas were burnt out of their homes and forced to move into their respective ghettoes.
benefit
▪ The issue is to estimate the marginal benefit from the increased frequency of screening examinations against the marginal increased cost.
▪ It shows the marginal benefit to the individual.
▪ The market ensures that the price equals the marginal benefit and the marginal cost, and hence equates the two.
▪ Your marginal costs are also society's marginal costs, but society's marginal benefits exceed your own.
▪ D 2 D 2 shows the marginal benefit of purer water to the second individual.
▪ Thus at the output Q the social marginal benefit is.
▪ What is the social marginal benefit of the last unit to the group as a whole?
▪ Inpart this reflects the genuine difficulty in measuring marginal benefits.
case
▪ A more marginal case is where the defendant is seen to be raising his fists in anticipation of the fight.
▪ Just as the greater includes the less, so a provision for the marginal case must include the central case.
change
▪ Even with marginal changes, assumptions about incidence are crucial and these are discussed in more detail below.
▪ In the incremental approach, choices are typically marginal changes from existing policies.
▪ That is to say, policy changes more frequently take the form of relatively marginal changes to existing policies.
▪ So marginal changes in time allocation to sport may be difficult.
▪ The consensus on full employment lasted as long as measures to achieve full employment involved only marginal changes to society.
▪ Break-even charts are useful for their indication of the effects of marginal changes in sales volume or costs on profit figures.
▪ The story of marginal change is not dissimilar in the health service.
▪ They imagine if they make subtle and marginal changes in tax rates everyone will notice.
constituency
▪ Hand in hand with this measure goes an equally bold re-focusing of Labour's strategy concerning marginal constituencies.
▪ She said Darlington had been chosen because it was a marginal constituency.
▪ Another factor not taken into account before the election was the number of expatriate Tory voters registered in marginal constituencies.
▪ During a General Election, Party members might be encouraged to lend a hand in nearby marginal constituencies.
▪ Kensington was now a marginal constituency.
cost
▪ But when the average cost curve is falling the marginal cost curve lies below average cost.
▪ Pricing at marginal cost might equate marginal cost and benefit but would entail losses.
▪ Equating marginal cost and marginal revenue, each firm will produce an output at which price exceeds marginal cost.
▪ Pricing at short-run marginal cost, the industry will charge a price P 2.
▪ Any new in-house benefits an employer provides should be computed on a marginal cost basis.
▪ Other market proxies have laid down rules for pricing according to marginal cost.
▪ Social efficiency requires that prices be close to marginal cost but this will imply losses for the natural monopolist.
costs
▪ Similarly, accurate estimates of the marginal costs of production are often very difficult to obtain.
▪ If factor prices are equalized, each firm will have the same marginal costs.
▪ Your marginal costs are also society's marginal costs, but society's marginal benefits exceed your own.
▪ That is the quantity of extra resources that a competitive industry would use because it has higher average and marginal costs.
▪ Calculations of the social marginal costs and benefits of cutting back pollution tend to be conspicuous by their absence.
▪ If marginal costs are non-constant then no equilibrium price exists unless outputs are non-homogeneous, i.e. there is product differentiation.
▪ This means that, to compete, rail prices have to be pitched at these marginal costs.
difference
▪ Racing shoes are designed specifically for élite runners, for whom marginal differences weigh heavily.
▪ But it will make only a marginal difference to the stagnant housing market.
group
▪ This term has subsequently been used to designate the marginal group in relation to the dominant order.
impact
▪ The marginal impact on the local economy left few traces on the record.
▪ As any Economics 101 student could have warned beforehand, none of these schemes has had more than a marginal impact.
▪ The overwhelming conclusion emerging from any assessment of these programmes is that they have only a marginal impact on inner-urban problems.
▪ Currency movements had only a marginal impact on the results.
improvement
▪ On Tuesday Invergordon Distillers reported a marginal improvement in underlying profits, no mean feat given the difficulties facing the whisky sector.
▪ A depressing picture, but nevertheless I would argue that there has been a marginal improvement over the years.
▪ At best, the Bill is a marginal improvement.
▪ The earnout payment should reflect marginal improvements above this base.
▪ It may thus transpire that a marginal improvement is insufficient to justify the increase in complexity associated with this algorithm.
land
▪ For a start, subsidies themselves encourage over-intensive farming by making it economic to farm marginal land.
▪ This in turn led to increased degradation that has been exacerbated by the subsequent use of marginal lands for cultivation.
▪ These are lean times for the poor small farmers who work marginal lands in the coastal districts.
note
▪ That Bible contained marginal notes and special references that were irreplaceable.
▪ How could he make them see there was nothing to his scheme but the marginal notes of a diehard and fool?
product
▪ To attain efficiency, it would be expected that factors of production would be allocated so that their marginal products would be equal.
▪ By skill, diligence and training, the individual could raise his marginal product and hence the wage he could claim.
▪ Unless there is any redress to this distortion, the marginal products of labour will not be equal.
▪ Each worker receives the value of his marginal product under competition.
▪ Hence the angle of the arrowhead measures the marginal product of labour.
▪ Capital, like labor, was compensated at a rate corresponding to its marginal product.
▪ Many workers in the private sector receive some payment as a fixed fee independent of the value of their marginal product.
productivity
▪ To raise his wage without raising his marginal productivity would be to put his pay above his contribution.
propensity
▪ An important point to remember is that the size of the multiplier depends on the marginal propensities to save and import.
▪ For example, the marginal propensity to make bequests out of lifetime income may rise with the level of income.
rate
▪ This would permit a much lower marginal rate of tax. 4.
▪ Our tax lodestar has been low marginal rates.
▪ He has looked at marginal rates in some cases, but not in others.
▪ Above $ 75, 000, the marginal rate would jump, again, to 34 percent.
▪ Relief is paid at the tax-payer's top marginal rate of income tax, provided the investment is bed for five years.
▪ Tax bases were broadened; marginal rates were cut.
▪ Table 16-2 picks out the most controversial aspect of the tax system, the marginal rate of income tax.
▪ The marginal rate of income tax is the percentage taken by the government of the last pound that an individual earns.
revenue
▪ Equating marginal cost and marginal revenue, each firm will produce an output at which price exceeds marginal cost.
▪ In equilibrium this higher marginal revenue exactly offsets transportation costs.
▪ This excess of price over both marginal revenue and marginal cost is a convenient measure of the firm's monopoly power.
▪ The left-hand side represents marginal revenue.
▪ The profit-maximizing policy involves setting marginal revenue equal to marginal cost.
▪ Let R be the ratio of price to marginal revenue for good i as perceived by firms in some country.
▪ The monopolist produces an output Q M at a price P M thus equating marginal cost and marginal revenue.
▪ As usual, marginal revenue equals the price times one minus one over the elasticity of demand.
seat
▪ One of the country's two most marginal seats, Brecon and Radnor, also declares today.
▪ The Prime Minister rounded off his campaign by visiting two Tory marginal seats in south London.
▪ Mr Devlin's constituency was a marginal seat before Parliament was dissolved last week, having a majority of 774.
▪ I won a marginal seat and have held it on five successive occasions.
▪ In the 1979 and 1983 elections there were examples of locally popular candidates holding their marginal seats against the national swing.
▪ Yet London contains around 25 Labour-winnable marginal seats.
▪ But it produced critical evidence about how different designs of tax would hit marginal seats and heartland Tory ones.
▪ There is a core vote-a traditional solid Labour support-in every constituency in the land, including marginal seats.
tax
▪ But Table 16-2 shows that marginal tax rates also rise with income.
▪ What marginal tax rate applies to taxable income which falls between $ 16, 000 and $ 20, 000?
▪ And it could encourage harder work by reducing marginal tax rates.
▪ The tax rates shown in column 2 of Table 8-2 are marginal tax rates.
▪ Table 16-2 shows that the first Thatcher government was able to reduce marginal tax rates substantially, especially for the very rich.
▪ A marginal tax rate is the tax paid on additional or incremental income.
▪ To recap the method, direct taxes have a legal framework facilitating the assessment of the overall effective marginal tax rates.
▪ This means that marginal tax rates for some elderly taxpayers are 85 % higher than for younger taxpayers.
utility
▪ Given diminishing marginal utility of income, more income in one period can not compensate for lower income in another period.
▪ Alfred Marshall called this marginal utility.
▪ Many of its workers and functions were of marginal utility and at the cost of a better price to cocoa farmers.
▪ He compares the price to the marginal utility.
▪ Figure 15-3 shows that at the equilibrium point E the marginal utility of the last film equals its marginal cost.
▪ Above Q *; the marginal utility of films is less than the marginal utility of meals sacrificed.
value
▪ The marginal value product of labour in the two locations is illustrated by M r and M s, respectively.
▪ Firms still choose the quantity of labour demanded to equate the gross wage to the marginal value product of labour.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ a marginal increase in sales
▪ Large cities in America had become the home of the poor and socially marginal groups.
▪ The difference between the two cars is marginal.
▪ There has been only a marginal increase in sales.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ Above $ 75, 000, the marginal rate would jump, again, to 34 percent.
▪ Businesses can already buy from suppliers in different countries, and exchange costs are marginal.
▪ But when films are taxed we have just seen that the marginal social benefit of another film exceeds its marginal cost.
▪ In Sussex they are much more important for their breeding birds than reservoirs as they generally have much more marginal vegetation.
▪ Instead it allows for the discovery of both marginal gainers and losers.
▪ Some crimes were acts of protest, but within the overall context of illegal activity they were marginal.
▪ The result is a marginal increase in the risk of infection.
▪ Thus, beyond a certain point the marginal social benefit of further risk reduction will exceed the marginal social cost.