Crossword clues for malleability
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Malleability \Mal"le*a*bil"i*ty\, n. [CF. F.
mall['e]abilit['e].]
The quality or state of being malleable; -- opposed to
friability and brittleness.
--Locke.
Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
1680s, from malleable + -ity.
Wiktionary
n. 1 The quality or state of being malleable. 2 The property by virtue of which a material can be extended in all directions without rupture by the application of load; a material's ability to be bent, formed, or shaped without cracking or breaking. 3 (context cryptography English) a property of a cryptographic algorithms in which an adversary can alter a ciphertext such that it decrypts to a related plaintext
WordNet
n. the property of being physically malleable; the property of something that can be worked or hammered or shaped under pressure without breaking [syn: plasticity] [ant: unmalleability]
Wikipedia
Malleability is a property of some cryptographic algorithms. An encryption algorithm is malleable if it is possible for an adversary to transform a ciphertext into another ciphertext which decrypts to a related plaintext. That is, given an encryption of a plaintext m, it is possible to generate another ciphertext which decrypts to f(m), for a known function f, without necessarily knowing or learning m.
Malleability is often an undesirable property in a general-purpose cryptosystem, since it allows an attacker to modify the contents of a message. For example, suppose that a bank uses a stream cipher to hide its financial information, and a user sends an encrypted message containing, say, "TRANSFER $0000100.00 TO ACCOUNT #199." If an attacker can modify the message on the wire, and can guess the format of the unencrypted message, the attacker could be able to change the amount of the transaction, or the recipient of the funds, e.g. "TRANSFER $0100000.00 TO ACCOUNT #227". Malleability does not refer to the attacker's ability to read the encrypted message. Both before and after tampering, the attacker cannot read the encrypted message.
On the other hand, some cryptosystems are malleable by design. In other words, in some circumstances it may be viewed as a feature that anyone can transform an encryption of m into a valid encryption of f(m) (for some restricted class of functions f) without necessarily learning m. Such schemes are known as homomorphic encryption schemes.
A cryptosystem may be semantically secure against chosen plaintext attacks or even non-adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks (CCA1) while still being malleable. However, security against adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks (CCA2) is equivalent to non-malleability .
Usage examples of "malleability".
I have worked on the most unpromising material, persuading the dumb to speak and trying, from that, to arrive at general principles about the malleability of the infant mind.
The bottles held the nutrients to supplement the bath in its sustaining of the patient while cells gained a pseudoembryonic malleability, tissues and organs reshaped, and the body restructured itself to obey new blueprints.
Such malleability suggests a simple original form -- and that suggests binary fission.