What is "lipoxygenase"

n. (context enzyme English) Any of a class of enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids

Lipoxygenases are a family of iron-containing enzymes most of which catalyze the dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4- pentadiene structure as shown in the following reaction:

The lipoxygenases are related to each other based upon their similar genetic structure and dioxygenation activity. However, one lipoxygenase, ALOXE3, while having a lipoxygenase genetic structure, possesses relatively little dioxygenation activity; rather its primary activity appears to be as an isomerase that catalyzes the conversion of hydroperoxy unsaturated fatty acids to their 1,5- epoxide, hydroxyl derivatives.

Lipoxygenases are found in plants, animals and fungi. Products of lipoxygenases are involved in diverse cell functions.