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lanthanide contraction

n. (context chemistry physics English) the progressive decrease in the radii of atoms of the lanthanide elements as the atomic number increases; evident in various physical properties of the elements and their compounds

Wikipedia
Lanthanide contraction

Lanthanide contraction is a term used in chemistry to describe the greater-than-expected decrease in ionic radii of the elements in the lanthanide series from atomic number 57, lanthanum, to 71, lutetium, which results in smaller than otherwise expected ionic radii for the subsequent elements starting with 72, hafnium. The term was coined by the Norwegian geochemist Victor Goldschmidt in his series "Geochemische Verteilungsgesetze der Elemente".

Element

La

Ce

Pr

Nd

Pm

Sm

Eu

Gd

Tb

Dy

Ho

Er

Tm

Yb

Lu

Atomic electron configuration
(all begin with [Xe])

5d6s

4f5d6s

4f6s

4f6s

4f6s

4f6s

4f6s

4f5d6s

4f6s

4f6s

4f6s

4f6s

4f6s

4f6s

4f5d6s

Ln electron configuration

4f

4f

4f

4f

4f

4f

4f

4f

4f

4f

4f

4f

4f

4f

4f

Ln radius (pm) (6-coordinate)

103

102

99

98.3

97

95.8

94.7

93.8

92.3

91.2

90.1

89

88

86.8

86.1