Crossword clues for habituation
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Habituation \Ha*bit`u*a"tion\ (h[.a]*b[i^]t"[-u]*[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. [Cf. F. habituation.] The act of habituating, or accustoming; the state of being habituated.
Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
mid-15c., from Medieval Latin habituationem (nominative habituatio), noun of action from past participle stem of habituare "to inhabit, dwell" (see habituate (v.)).
Wiktionary
n. 1 The act of habituate, or accustoming; the state of being habituated. 2 (cx psychology English) The process of becoming accustomed to an internal or external stimulus, such as a noxious smell or loud noise.
WordNet
n. being abnormally tolerant to and dependent on something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming (especially alcohol or narcotic drugs) [syn: addiction, dependence, dependency]
a general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions
Wikipedia
Habituation is a form of learning in which an organism decreases or ceases to respond to a stimulus after repeated presentations. Essentially, the organism learns to stop responding to a stimulus which is no longer biologically relevant. For example, organisms may habituate to repeated sudden loud noises when they learn these have no consequences. Habituation usually refers to a reduction in innate behaviours, rather than behaviours developed during conditioning in which the process is termed "extinction". A progressive decline of a behavior in a habituation procedure may also reflect nonspecific effects such as fatigue, which must be ruled out when the interest is in habituation as a learning process.
The habituation process is a form of adaptive behavior (or neuroplasticity) that is classified as non- associative learning. Non- associative learning is a change in a response to a stimulus that does not involve associating the presented stimulus with another stimulus or event such as a reward or punishment. (Examples of associative learning include classical conditioning and operant conditioning). Habituation is the decrease of a response to a repeated eliciting stimulus that is not due to sensory adaption or motor fatigue. Sensory adaptation (or neural adaptation) occurs when an organism can no longer detect the stimulus as efficiently as when first presented and motor fatigue occurs when an organism is able to detect the stimulus but can no longer respond efficiently. In contrast, habituation is a learned adaption to the repeated presentation of a stimulus, not a reduction in sensory or motor ability.
Some related phenomena to habituation include sensitization and stimulus generalization/discrimination. Sensitization is the opposite process to habituation, i.e. an increase in the elicited behavior from repeated presentation of a stimulus. There may also be an initial increase in response immediately prior to the decline (a sensitization process followed by a habituation process). Another related phenomenon is stimulus generalization, when habituation occurs in response to other stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus. The opposing process, stimulus discrimination, is when habituation does not occur to other stimuli that are dissimilar to the original stimulus.
Usage examples of "habituation".
By the mid-1970s, it was clear that neither sensory inputs nor motor outputs had properties which corresponded to the behavioural habituation, as neither showed such decrements in electrical response.
If habituation occurs by reduction of the postsynaptic response at a single synapse, it could logically be a consequence of either pre- or postsynaptic processes, or of course a combination of both.
By the mid-1970s, they had shown that during habituation in the isolated ganglion there was a steady decrease in the amount of serotonin released from the sensory presynaptic terminal, without there being any change in the responsiveness of the postsynaptic serotonin receptors.
But it was fading, unarrestable, going back to that place where wonder hides out from habituation.
Her habituation to the Rackham house and the tidy streets of Notting Hill has made her lily-livered: now her breath catches, her eyes water, from being forced to take in the overbearing stench of perfume and horse dung, freshly-baked cakes and old meat, burnt mutton-fat and chocolate, roast chestnuts and dog piss.
Habituation and disHabituation, which thus fulfill the criteria for the definitions of learning given at the beginning of Chapter 6, can be regarded as very basic and simple forms of short-term memory, adaptive mechanisms which economize on unnecessary responses and hence help to avoid fatigue.
Repetition of the same stimulus following a sequence of habituation and dishabituation produces a more rapid habituation on successive occasions.
Kupfermann, I, Castellucci, V, Pinsker, H, and Kandel, E R Neuronal correlates of habituation and dishabituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia.
Their givenness and everydayness -- rather than any cycle of shock and habituation -- is the trademark of the new, postmodern urbanism.
Although as long ago as the early 1970s it had been shown that protein synthesis inhibitors were without effect on habituation and sensitization, it was not until the mid-1980s that Kandel turned his attention to the longer-term cellular processes.
It followed that the cells responsible for the habituation must lie centrally, within the sensory-motor interconnections in the abdominal ganglion.
Granted that the circuitry for the reflex was known, the researchers could then ask the question: when habituation occurs, which part of the circuitry is involved?
If habituation occurs by reduction of the postsynaptic response at a single synapse, it could logically be a consequence of either pre- or postsynaptic processes, or of course a combination of both.
The capacity to show habituation, he observed, occurs relatively early on in the development of the baby Aplysia, while sensitization does not appear until a relatively late stage.
From this and other types of experiment, it is beyond dispute that, even by the most rigid of the criteria used by mammalian psychologists, Drosophila show not merely habituation and sensitization but classical and operant conditioning based on visual, olfactory and even touch cues.