adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a basic/fundamental concept
▪ The children are taught the basic concepts of mathematics.
a basic/fundamental principle (=a very important principle to which other ideas are added)
▪ Applicants should show that they understand the basic principles of marketing.
a basic/fundamental/underlying assumption
▪ There is a basic assumption in international law that a state will protect its citizens.
a fundamental distinction (=a basic one)
▪ There is a fundamental distinction between authors and readers.
a fundamental issue (=a basic and important issue)
▪ Decisions still need to be made about some fundamental issues.
a fundamental misunderstanding (=a misunderstanding of the main point of something)
▪ a fundamental misunderstanding of Freud’s theories
a fundamental objection
▪ A fundamental objection is that the church should not be part of the government.
a fundamental problem (=relating to the most basic and important parts of something )
▪ The government has done little to solve the fundamental problems of poverty and crime.
a fundamental question
▪ Their experiences have highlighted fundamental questions of human rights.
a fundamental review (=that examines the most basic and important parts of something)
▪ There have been calls for a fundamental review of our voting system.
a fundamental shift (=a complete change)
▪ A fundamental shift in attitudes was underway.
a fundamental/basic right
▪ The law recognises a man’s fundamental right to defend his home and his property.
an essential/fundamental difference (=a very basic one)
▪ The fundamental differences between the two sides slowly emerged.
central/basic/fundamental etc tenet
▪ one of the basic tenets of democracy
central/fundamental importance
▪ The central importance of interest rates is widely recognized.
fundamental flaw
▪ There is a fundamental flaw in Walton’s argument.
fundamental reform (=changes to the most basic and important parts of something)
▪ He wants fundamental reform of the EU's agricultural policy.
fundamental
▪ Reducing waste requires a fundamental change in attitude.
the fundamental/underlying cause (=the root cause)
▪ The underlying cause of insomnia is often anxiety.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADVERB
as
▪ Such a differentiation could be as fundamental as life's ability to reproduce.
▪ The principle of religious freedom was established as fundamental from the beginning of this nation.
▪ The recognition of good staff interpersonal relationships as fundamental to all management processes and important as a model for pupils 7.
▪ A single bold stroke can not resolve political difficulties as fundamental as those Mondale faced and Dole now confronts.
▪ The need to strive for such aims can only be thought of as fundamental and humanitarian.
▪ Not money, and not technology unless it was as fundamental as safety pins.
▪ It is the tension between gene and individual body as fundamental agent of life.
▪ The modifications introduced should not be regarded as fundamental.
more
▪ It is through changing them in a more fundamental way that the drugs cause addiction.
▪ The latter and more fundamental type of evolution is essentially individual.
▪ A disposition to incremental change can deflect one from considering or even comprehending wider and more fundamental problems.
▪ There is also a more fundamental problem.
▪ A more fundamental example concerns our brains, which are made of nerve cells which do not divide when we are adult.
▪ But even if they are overcome, other more fundamental difficulties will remain.
▪ No, the problem is more fundamental.
▪ The Royal Commission on Legal Services took a more fundamental view with regard to financial conditions, which has not been accepted.
most
▪ As such it must rank as one of the most fundamental scientific advances of the century.
▪ Not united metaphorically, or even just in partnership, but on the most fundamental physical levels.
▪ It depends on the fact that standard effects are events which in the most fundamental sense can be explained.
▪ The most fundamental value that distinguishes classes differs for different class theorists.
▪ On all but the most fundamental issues, the party line became much less forthright and clear-cut.
▪ That is the most fundamental why question of all, and the one with which the next chapter begins.
▪ Perhaps the most fundamental critique is that provided by theorists emphasizing the global structure of economic and political power.
▪ The most fundamental power of oversight held by some legislatures is their capacity to overturn the government.
so
▪ Why is the digital environment so fundamental to multimedia?
▪ Learning is so fundamental that we seldom stop to analyze exactly what takes place.
▪ This is so fundamental a point that I will develop this in some detail.
▪ The distinction between males and females is held to be so fundamental as to be unworthy of comment.
▪ No issue is so fundamental both to the searcher and to the believer as the question of truth.
▪ Intellectualisation: Anger is so fundamental to the disease that it goes with the person rather than with specific events.
▪ We can do a lot after planting, but in no way so fundamental as doing the job properly beforehand.
▪ The spatial dialogues so fundamental in Braque's art touched Picasso's but were of subsidiary concern to him.
■ NOUN
aspect
▪ Piaget identifies two fundamental aspects or modes of adaptation: accommodation and assimilation.
▪ This context is essential to the understanding of humanism, one of the fundamental aspects of Western thought.
▪ This was a fundamental aspect of the nature of trusteeship.
▪ However, there is a more fundamental aspect to this concern.
▪ Several fundamental aspects of statistics and a few explanations on integral calculus nomenclature are added with three Appendices.
▪ Regulationist theories also consider industrial change as the key or fundamental aspect of structural change.
▪ The refusal did include policy reasons, but the fundamental aspect was those other problems which were given very considerable investigation.
▪ Further, a fundamental aspect of the context is the young child's construal of the adult's words and actions.
assumption
▪ Second point: is the constructivist's fundamental assumption not justified if knowledge is our subject of study rather than successful behaviour?
▪ But there is a danger that the current reforms will leave untouched fundamental assumptions about the lives and needs of service users.
▪ However, subsequent excavations at Maiden Castle, Arikamedu and Charsadda have inevitably caused many of his fundamental assumptions to be refuted.
▪ Is it perhaps time to re-examine some of the fundamental assumptions underlying that policy?
▪ The fundamental assumption was that Time will always discover and avenge any act of injustice.
▪ Although Friedmann found only one, there are in fact three different kinds of models that obey Friedmann's two fundamental assumptions.
▪ This approach must first identify and question three fundamental assumptions on which most conservation thinking currently rests.
breach
▪ The courts were generally reluctant to construe an exclusion clause as covering cases of breach of fundamental term or fundamental breach.
▪ A fundamental breach is one which the courts would consider more serious than an ordinary breach.
▪ The third stage, the trial, makes a fundamental breach with the past.
▪ It therefore appears that an exclusion clause can apply, even to cases of fundamental breach and breach of fundamental term.
▪ Secondly, the courts developed the doctrine of fundamental breach of contract.
▪ The request for her to stay away from work for two months out of 12 was not sufficient to amount to a fundamental breach.
▪ These cases are examples of fundamental breach.
cause
▪ It had failed to remove any of the fundamental causes behind the revolutionary challenge.
▪ These analyses examined both the immediate and the more fundamental causes for urban disturbances.
▪ The fundamental cause of higher volatility, however, is that dividend income is in decline.
change
▪ The main weakness of these republican reforms was that they threatened fundamental change but didn't fully implement it.
▪ But periods of fundamental change make them even harder.
▪ Many short-lived groups appeared with formulae for fundamental change.
▪ Both houses must approve by two-thirds margins, and 38 state legislatures must ratify such fundamental changes.
▪ In recent years, the Government has introduced legislation which has brought fundamental changes to local government.
▪ The Sunday Night Supper reflected a fundamental change in social Washington since the beginning of the war.
▪ In these moments of fundamental change political practice makes all the constitutional running.
▪ Getting a large fraction of companies involved, however, will require a fundamental change in business attitudes.
component
▪ Having established the phasor relationship between the fundamental components of phase voltage and current, the pull-out torque can be found directly.
▪ The analysis can be simplified by concentrating on the d.c. and fundamental components of voltage and current.
▪ They are a major and fundamental component of the system of the unconscious, as distinct from the conscious and preconscious systems.
▪ This switched supply introduces a non-linearity, which can be eliminated by considering only the fundamental components of voltage and current.
concept
▪ Accounting bases are methods of applying fundamental concepts to deal with the increasing variety of business transactions.
▪ Because WordPerfect is different than most commonplace word-processing programs, it is important that you understand the fundamental concepts discussed here.
▪ Its exploration involves the development and use of some fundamental concepts.
▪ In fact there is no established generalization about our concepts, or our fundamental concepts, on which it can be based.
▪ It is a fundamental concept that can be traced back to earliest times.
▪ The paper explains the fundamental concepts of information technology and outlines the important trends.
conflict
▪ That fundamental conflict between consumption and conservation has both sides of the molecular forestry debate waving environmental banners.
▪ Since these two purposes are in fundamental conflict, one will, inevitably, dominate.
▪ He argued that a fundamental conflict was taking place during the period of social modernisation.
▪ It is often the focal point for fundamental conflicts.
▪ Gandhi, of course, was wrong in supposing there to be any fundamental conflict in Irwin between the viceroy and the man.
▪ This creates a fundamental conflict of interest between social groups since one gains at the expense of another.
difference
▪ There is, however, a fundamental difference.
▪ This is a fundamental difference between Sunni and Shita.
▪ And here lies a fundamental difference of opinion - how should a National Park operate?
▪ But there was a fundamental difference.
▪ Although both look curved there exists a fundamental difference between them.
▪ This fundamental difference with the position of earlier radicals required theoretical analysis in two areas.
▪ It is rather that there is a fundamental difference in the distribution of syntactic features between the two modes.
▪ Climate change is making a fundamental difference.
disagreement
▪ Some of these are in fundamental disagreement with the assumption on which the rational-planning or objectives models rest.
▪ This debate is deep and serious, for it reflects fundamental disagreements about the very nature of society and politics.
distinction
▪ Without these fundamental distinctions the economic privileges of the profession are suspect.
▪ Even at this early stage in their careers, fundamental distinctions in approach were emerging.
▪ That seems to me to be the fundamental distinction, and should be fully preserved.
▪ Clearly there is a considerable overlap between top-down and bottom-up plans, but the fundamental distinction needs making.
▪ But such a conception is to overlook a fundamental distinction about the two activities.
error
▪ The story of Britain's fighter development was more complex and was slowed by one fundamental error of scientific judgment.
▪ Tax studies purporting to show that most capital gains tax is paid by higher-income individuals reflect a fundamental error.
▪ He made the most fundamental error possible in tournament golf, signing a card containing a wrong score.
▪ Those changes relate to fundamental errors and adjustments resulting from changes in accounting policies.
▪ The critics are making a fundamental error in labelling this the start of a two-tier system.
▪ Increasing tare without restricting routes a fundamental error.
flaw
▪ I think you may have a fundamental flaw in your thought processes.
▪ It attacks the fundamental flaws and loopholes in the campaign finance regulatory system adopted in the wake of the Watergate scandal.
▪ However, those exemptions and discounts merely reinforce the fundamental flaw at the centre of the council tax.
▪ Some people see this as a fundamental flaw in the whole theory of the blind watchmaker.
▪ But there were two fundamental flaws in the Covenant.
▪ Partnership is one of the fundamental flaws of football.
freedom
▪ Remember, one of the fundamental freedoms is the right of free association.
▪ Human rights and fundamental freedoms are still flouted, intolerance persists and discrimination against minorities is practised.
▪ How will governments justify the violation of such fundamental freedoms?
importance
▪ Stoichiometry is of fundamental importance in modern chemistry.
▪ Those and related questions are of fundamental importance.
▪ Here are three of fundamental importance. 1.
▪ Given consumer tastes, product prices are of fundamental importance in determining consumer expenditure patterns.
▪ The investigators believe that the answers to these questions are of fundamental importance for all of economics.
▪ Yet he must make a tentative judgment on inadequate evidence, for such a matter is of fundamental importance.
▪ Basil used to tease us about movement and chuckle at our claims for its fundamental importance in the education of young children.
▪ However, in two other respects, Waddington draws our attention to points which are of fundamental importance.
issue
▪ Between the two of them there was a fundamental issue at stake.
▪ Thus, the fundamental issue of violence is not one of actions but one of the condition of the heart.
▪ I suggest that, important as such analysis is, there are more fundamental issues which have to be tackled first.
▪ The two sides remain far apart on those fundamental issues.
▪ Much more fundamental issues are raised.
▪ The fundamental issue is, is marriage something we honor and respect?
▪ Its objective is to address fundamental issues of hybrid models of cognition.
▪ Many of the most fascinating and fundamental issues in the political world have normative components.
law
▪ Suppose there is not even consensus that the Constitution is fundamental law.
▪ Most physicists would claim that the fundamental laws operative at the scale of a human brain are indeed all perfectly well known.
▪ The concept of free will belongs to a different arena from that of fundamental laws of science.
▪ He again stressed that any change in the fundamental law should come from the people through the departmental assemblies.
▪ Paradigms will also include standard ways of applying the fundamental laws to a variety of types of situation.
▪ It is a fundamental law of economics in a world of scarce resources and could not be otherwise.
▪ One has to keep the investigation of the fundamental laws of science and the study of human behavior in separate compartments.
▪ One can not use the fundamental laws to deduce human behavior, for the reasons I have explained.
level
▪ This process affects information professionals, such as librarians and archivists, at a fundamental level.
▪ At this fundamental level of resource there can not be any easy interchange without changing an old or creating a new religion.
▪ When analysed at this more fundamental level, the database will also give clear guidelines about overall corporate image.
▪ At an even more fundamental level, it is a new way of seeing the work world.
▪ There is also another and much more fundamental level of critique and debate.
▪ In the course of designing work, the tasks to be performed would be broken down to their most fundamental level.
▪ The most fundamental level of diversity generation is that of mutation, crossing over, recombination, and related genetic operations.
mistake
▪ Here again there was a fundamental mistake.
▪ I believe that would be a fundamental mistake.
▪ He rarely made fundamental mistakes and never, she suspected, about a man's scientific ability.
▪ Prepurchase Preparation A fundamental mistake is commonly made in the basic assumptions of ecommerce business models being designed for the Internet.
▪ I obviously made some fundamental mistakes within the first few days of my move.
▪ His fundamental mistake was not only to buy all his planes, but to buy them only on borrowed money.
point
▪ The fundamental point in the appeal, however, does not depend on that issue.
▪ This is an absolutely fundamental point.
▪ The skill of research is in accessing fundamental points quickly and substantiating them with hard data.
▪ The term economic hides the fundamental point that economic change is at the same time social change.
▪ You may find yourself in dispute with management on what seems to you to be a fundamental point of principle.
▪ Too often, fundamental points are not raised until the reports are complete.
▪ Three fundamental points must be made about his ideological make-up.
▪ At it each speaker emphasised this fundamental point.
principle
▪ Make this point firmly, because the idea of anxiety-reduction with repeated exposure is one of the fundamental principles of the course.
▪ Netanyahu, on the other hand, has been struggling with the fundamental principles of accords he has long opposed.
▪ I believe that it is a fundamental principle that people should have access to independent legal advice.
▪ The women use their personal philosophy and experiences to illustrate fundamental principles of financial planning.
▪ Let me state a couple of fundamental principles that we hold dear.
▪ This result is inconsistent with the fundamental principles of our constitutional system.
▪ The same is not true of the following feature of the model, which embodies a fundamental principle of biology.
▪ Using these frames of reference, lawyers advocate particular legal doctrines and mould the fundamental principles of the law of obligations.
problem
▪ Objections on the grounds of time often disguise a more fundamental problem which concerns teaching in general and not just the objectives model.
▪ However, there are fundamental problems with the method of authority as a way of knowing.
▪ What is a fundamental problem in Lukács's account is how an effective analysis can be achieved.
▪ Based on this experience they came to an understanding of a fundamental problem of flight: control.
▪ One of the fundamental problems of social organization is how to coordinate the economic activities of large numbers of individuals and businesses.
▪ There are, however, two other fundamental problems which can not be so easily resolved.
▪ Sure, Eastern had many fundamental problems to overcome.
question
▪ At this juncture, two crucially fundamental questions now emerge.
▪ A fundamental question is: How valid are these similarities that Leibniz perceived?
▪ This last point raises a fundamental question about the nature and function of standing rules.
▪ Although the spectacle had macabre entertainment value, a fundamental question got buried in the slime: Did Carey finagle the books?
▪ To start the process of formulating goals you need to ask yourself some fundamental questions about your own motivation.
▪ The most fundamental question is, do the two sets, namely natural monopolies and perfectly contestable industries, in fact intersect?
▪ There remains the fundamental question of why women had their hair cut off.
reason
▪ However there is, in my opinion, a more fundamental reason why the section has no application in the present case.
▪ But there are more fundamental reasons why unity with either Rome or the Orthodox is still a long way off.
▪ The fundamental reason is that too many of these kids are growing up in chaotic circumstances and are left to raise themselves.
▪ I take exception to that and regard it as inadequate, for two fundamental reasons.
▪ Indeed, the fundamental reason for the controversy is that the Draft Directives do not actually impose identical conduct of business rules.
▪ There are two fundamental reasons for the difficulty.
▪ This is perhaps the fundamental reason for Edward's political failure.
reform
▪ Now is certainly the time for fundamental reform.
▪ Liberal Democrats know that this can not be achieved without fundamental reform.
▪ The government had retreated: radical Thatcherism backed off from fundamental reform of the system.
▪ We will create a Supreme Court to entrench and defend these fundamental reforms to the relationship between the citizen and the state.
▪ The marchers demanded a full investigation of the scandal and a fundamental reform of the country's political system.
▪ Will it continue to rise, without fundamental reform?
right
▪ The right to determine what shall be done with one's own body is a fundamental right in our society.
▪ But no fundamental right is involved here.
▪ In May, 1982, a similar case also challenged parents' fundamental rights.
▪ But there are certain fundamental rights which this right of regulation can not infringe.
▪ So I am sceptical when it is said that ordinary people are not interested in fundamental rights.
▪ But the left should also be at the forefront of those campaigning for a comprehensive charter of fundamental rights.
▪ Roe decided that a woman had a fundamental right to an abortion.
shift
▪ The skill with which Coenwulf conserved Offa's imperium, however, can obscure some fundamental shifts of emphasis.
▪ Over the years, there have been fundamental shifts in policy and strategy as attitudes toward the rural poor wax and wane.
▪ The fundamental shift towards allowing outside concessions to take new exploration areas, represents good long-term opportunities for the Wood Group.
▪ The fundamental shift in their self-concepts was well under way.
▪ The fundamental shift is from provider to enabler.
▪ Whatever the organizational changes few people in Bonn expect any fundamental shifts in science policy.
▪ A fundamental shift in the emerging essence of the fishnet organization is the recasting of problems as dilemmas.
tenet
▪ A fundamental tenet of Adler's theory is that human actions are motivated by feelings of inferiority of some kind.
▪ He had questioned a fundamental tenet of her life, that young women are more attractive than older women.
▪ The fundamental tenet of Democritus' physics is that all that exists is matter.
value
▪ It is a way for parliamentary authority to express itself within an agreed framework of fundamental values and norms.
▪ The most fundamental value that distinguishes classes differs for different class theorists.
▪ The peer group gives out clear signals to its members both about style and about fundamental values and perspectives.
▪ The class approach Does the same fundamental value separate virtually all people in a society into a few distinct strata?
▪ But it is also a framework of fundamental values.
▪ Such diversities or divisions of people have no real fundamental value.
▪ Despite such strategies, the systematic inequalities in fundamental values generate continuing conflict between classes in the society.
▪ The arcane language of parliamentary procedures always seemed to come more easily to Dole than straight forward talk on fundamental values.
way
▪ It is through changing them in a more fundamental way that the drugs cause addiction.
▪ I knew in a deep and fundamental way that I did not deserve elevation or success.
▪ However, he and I differ in a fundamental way.
▪ When subplots or scenes of local color are introduced, they relate to the main plot in a fundamental way.
▪ Ahmed: I don't think that the Union actually changed in any fundamental way.
▪ Angela, too, fails her children in fundamental ways.
▪ One of the fundamental ways of changing attitudes is through information.
▪ I wish to focus attention, instead, on movements that challenged modernity in a far more fundamental way.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
the fundamentals (of sth)
▪ As you become more comfortable with the fundamentals, the complicated bits become easier.
▪ But the fundamentals of low inflation and low growth failed to assuage the bond market yesterday.
▪ Following the introductory chapter, the fundamentals of the law of contract are discussed and related to computer technology.
▪ Granted, the fundamentals that ultimately determine stock-market value are favorable; there is no reason for bearish growls.
▪ In Chapter 14 I sketch out the fundamentals of a structuralist theory of truth.
▪ Since the fundamentals are almost never equivalent, a world of fixed exchange rates requires periodic exchange rate adjustments.
▪ These recipes are simply a starting point and provide the fundamentals.
▪ Virtually everywhere, the fundamentals are sound: the number of older people is growing and they are spending more on leisure.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ Raising your child to tell the difference between right and wrong is one of the fundamental tasks of parenthood.
▪ the fundamental beliefs of Christianity
▪ Water is fundamental to survival.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ Are there fundamental elements of human nature that can not be significantly altered by socialization and institutions?
▪ Eikmeyer's fundamental insight is that co-operation and non-co-operation are not simply polar opposites along a scale.
▪ If this treatment changes the fundamental disease process, a prolonged period of remission might be expected in these patients.
▪ It is different from any Byzantine architecture in east or west but owes much of its fundamental character to the Byzantine style.
▪ Meanwhile the population is changing in fundamental ways.
▪ Tax studies purporting to show that most capital gains tax is paid by higher-income individuals reflect a fundamental error.
▪ This suggested that the fundamental problem of many working class families was one of scarce resources.