Crossword clues for externality
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Externality \Ex`ter*nal"i*ty\, n. State of being external; exteriority; (Metaph.) separation from the perceiving mind.
Pressure or resistance necessarily supposes externality
in the thing which presses or resists.
--A. Smith.
Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
1670s, "state of being external," from external + -ity. From 1839 as "that which is external." From 1833 as "undue regard for externals."
Wiktionary
n. 1 (context uncountable English) The state of being external or externalized. 2 (context countable English) A thing that is external relative to something else. 3 (context economics countable English) An impact, positive or negative, on any party not involved in a given economic transaction or act.
WordNet
n. the quality or state of being outside or directed toward or relating to the outside or exterior; "the outwardness of the world" [syn: outwardness] [ant: inwardness]
Wikipedia
In economics, an externality is the cost or benefit that affects a party who did not choose to incur that cost or benefit. Economists often urge governments to adopt policies that "internalize" an externality, so that costs and benefits will affect mainly parties who choose to incur them.
For example, manufacturing activities that cause air pollution impose health and clean-up costs on the whole society, whereas the neighbors of an individual who chooses to fire-proof his home may benefit from a reduced risk of a fire spreading to their own houses. If external costs exist, such as pollution, the producer may choose to produce more of the product than would be produced if the producer were required to pay all associated environmental costs. Because responsibility or consequence for self-directed action lies partly outside the self, an element of externalization is involved. If there are external benefits, such as in public safety, less of the good may be produced than would be the case if the producer were to receive payment for the external benefits to others. For the purpose of these statements, overall cost and benefit to society is defined as the sum of the imputed monetary value of benefits and costs to all parties involved. Thus, unregulated markets in goods or services with significant externalities generate prices that do not reflect the full social cost or benefit of their transactions; such markets are therefore inefficient.
Usage examples of "externality".
Onthe other hand, social relations completely invest the relations of production, making impossible any externality between social production and economic production.
Miracles were done among the Jews and Israelites because they were altogether external men and had been brought into the land of Canaan merely to represent a church and its eternal verities by the externalities of worship--something a bad man as well as a good man can do.
If he attains them, his worship tends more and more to externalities until it slips away and at last he makes little account of God and denies Him.
It was at moments like this, when technicians were overwhelmed by externalities, that security was most likely to slip.
Like the savage, he may make his bed wherever his right arm can support him, and from his simple and athletic attitude of observation, the property-owner seems buried and smothered in ignoble externalities and trammels, "wading in straw and rubbish to his knees.
The phase change accelerates as more and more entities join in, leveraging network externalities to overtake the traditional ecosystem.
And now, so near the onrushing moment of terror, of violation, her body had shown her that, blind to all externalities, the secret rhythm of life continued its perpetual motion undisturbed.