adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
academic/political/environmental etc criteria
▪ The winning product must satisfy a range of environmental criteria.
air/environmental/water etc pollutants
▪ New regulations will reduce hazardous air pollutants.
an ecological/environmental disaster (=causing great damage to nature)
▪ This region is facing an ecological disaster as a result of toxic waste.
an environmental hazard (=a danger or problem in the environment)
▪ Oil from the tanker caused an environmental hazard.
an environmental impact
▪ The environmental impact of the construction project is being investigated.
an environmental problem
▪ Air pollution is our most serious environmental problem.
economic/social/environmental etc benefits
▪ Tourism has brought considerable economic benefits to the island.
environmental conservation
▪ It is important to encourage environmental conservation and awareness.
environmental damage
▪ The programme will concentrate on reducing environmental damage and pollution.
environmental destruction
▪ The islands are already threatened by environmental destruction.
environmental factors
▪ Various environmental factors affect the growth of grapes.
environmental footprint
▪ You can reduce your environmental footprint by recycling as much as you can.
environmental harm
▪ The report highlights the environmental harm caused by transporting goods around the world.
environmental pollution
▪ Most environmental pollution originates in the developed countries.
environmental protection
▪ A draft agreement on environmental protection for Antarctica was discussed.
environmental regulations
▪ The Bill stipulated some of the toughest environmental regulations yet seen in the industrial world.
environmental standards (=to protect the environment)
▪ They called on the Indian government to apply stricter environmental standards.
environmental/nuclear/economic etc catastrophe
▪ The Black Sea is facing ecological catastrophe as a result of pollution.
environmental/political/social awareness
reduce...environmental footprint
▪ You can reduce your environmental footprint by recycling as much as you can.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ NOUN
activist
▪ There are no animal rights or environmental activists on the banned list.
▪ The group, like other environmental activists, would prefer the use of hydrogen alone to generate power for fuel cells.
▪ The group was divided into two subgroups: one for teenagers, and one for the community's environmental activists.
▪ Until relatively recently, organized religion has left environmental protection to environmental activists, concerned scientists and political figures.
▪ Few environmental activists would agree with that judgment.
▪ There's considerably less bitching about the federal government, environmental activists and co-ed dorms.
▪ It also points to a developing new alliance between environmental activists and religion.
assessment
▪ Before the decommissioning and construction of a maintenance facility can occur, however, the Navy must complete an environmental assessment report.
▪ Road building proposals for sensitive areas such as Oxleas Wood and Twyford Down must be subject to full environmental assessment.
▪ We produced a whole environmental assessment, not just what I think, but what several other coral researchers thought.
▪ They are supported by a very detailed environmental assessment.
▪ People need to be satisfied that the environmental assessments for King's Cross and the high-speed link are accurate.
▪ This paves the way for the start of environmental assessment, but construction is not envisaged for some years.
awareness
▪ The first is that there is in the developed world a new culture of environmental awareness.
▪ And that includes hues of oatmeal and taupe, which color consultants say suggest wholesome environmental awareness.
▪ Such training includes environmental awareness carried out in conjunction with the Environmental Department.
▪ The nine included product quality, technical back-up, innovation and environmental awareness.
▪ In an age of increasing environmental awareness, the new £250,000 plant in Bolney, West Sussex is the ultimate recycling plant.
▪ However, growing environmental awareness also poses challenges for conservation bodies.
benefit
▪ It is here that any given expenditure will produce the greatest environmental benefit.
▪ There also is the obvious environmental benefits to biking, since it reduces air pollution and reduces traffic.
▪ Depending on how it evolves, electricity liberalization could bring environmental benefits.
▪ The social opportunity costs of conservation, without denying their environmental benefits, are frequently high.
▪ This can be a difficult and expensive process, but it is one that delivers a range of environmental benefits.
▪ It's environmental benefits may be undisputed, but it seems its suitability for the car engine has now come into question.
▪ It is essential that any proposals should be scientifically justifiable otherwise costs increase and jobs are threatened with no real environmental benefits.
catastrophe
▪ They act as a complement to his large works which are responses to a progressive environmental catastrophe.
change
▪ For instance, if environmental changes are capricious, the animal's migration viewed in isolation will also be capricious.
▪ It allows organisms to protect their essential dynamical properties in the face of environmental changes by varying less essential dynamical properties.
▪ Planetary overload: global environmental change and the health of the human species.
▪ The 1970 National Environmental Policy Act extended this principle to environmental changes.
▪ Both forest management and afforestation are responsible for direct and indirect environmental change.
▪ Analyse policy options for dealing with global environmental change and promoting the goal of sustainable development.
▪ For all of these agents of environmental change, economic and political considerations are primary factors in their operation and future development.
▪ This, and similar organisations, may well become agents of environmental change in the not too distant future.
concern
▪ Its chairman, Helmut Sihler, said that environmental concerns would add tens of billions of dollars to industry's costs.
▪ In this case, the Court answered no, though the legislation was prompted by strong environmental concerns.
▪ Out of environmental concerns, the steel will be retrieved.
▪ They contend that environmental concerns have been thoroughly studied and debated.
▪ As some observers noted, the new regulation establishes the principle that environmental concerns take precedence over commercial arguments.
▪ They become entangled in national budgetary squabbles or bogged down with environmental concerns.
▪ Similarly, some investors put environmental concerns uppermost on their list while others are only just waking up to green concerns.
▪ Local observers were encouraged to report on distribution and migration patterns, thus paving the way for an interest in environmental concerns.
consequence
▪ Some of the environmental consequences have been deeply negative.
▪ While addressing this economic question, how can we use natural gas to mitigate the environmental consequences of increased coal burning?
▪ We have difficulty making even the most obvious connections between human activities and their environmental consequences.
▪ In addition, the social, employment and environmental consequences of open cast mining are the subjects of quite varied interpretations.
▪ Yet the environmental consequences of unchecked population growth will be devastating.
▪ However, nothing is known about the long-term environmental consequences - or even effectiveness - of using the ocean beds as dumps.
▪ This has had damaging environmental consequences, such as creating new pressures for house building and increasing reliance on car-based transport.
▪ Removal of tariffs on forest products will have devastating environmental consequences on the world's remaining forests.
consideration
▪ But social and environmental considerations are also being considered.
▪ This is an area of rapid development with little or no environmental considerations.
▪ What are the environmental considerations or limitations?
▪ These, as we now know, involve everything from environmental considerations to limits on the working hours of employees.
▪ As to Broughton moor, we shall do all that we can to take environmental considerations into account.
▪ Other measures proposed include action to tackle traffic flows, and greater environmental considerations of spending on new transport infrastructure.
▪ Ethical and environmental considerations are an important part of this innovative programme.
control
▪ Sixthly, on environmental controls, I congratulate the Government on their more sensible and practical approach.
▪ The internal part of the mid-section was also pressurized and contained the guidance computer and the environmental control system.
▪ The fear is based on the difference in environmental control standards between the two countries.
▪ To the extent environmental controls undermine our economic base, they threaten our ability to pursue the environmental goals we all share.
▪ Crumley starts by analysing the piecemeal approach to development and lack of adequate environmental control in the Cairngorms.
▪ The environmental control unit was a squat concrete abutment with metal slotted vents.
cost
▪ Social and environmental costs Much has been written on the social and environmental costs of opencast coal.
▪ Foes, in addition, worry about the environmental cost.
▪ This clearly implies that the full environmental costs of mining operations should be borne by the operator.
▪ Social and environmental costs Much has been written on the social and environmental costs of opencast coal.
▪ Planning can include social and environmental costs. 2.
▪ Moreover, countries should price fuels to reflect their full costs, including environmental costs.
▪ In a free market, polluting coal-fired power stations and unpopular nuclear ones should be less competitive because of rising environmental costs.
▪ Then there are the environmental costs.
costs
▪ Social and environmental costs Much has been written on the social and environmental costs of opencast coal.
▪ This clearly implies that the full environmental costs of mining operations should be borne by the operator.
▪ Social and environmental costs Much has been written on the social and environmental costs of opencast coal.
▪ Moreover, countries should price fuels to reflect their full costs, including environmental costs.
▪ Planning can include social and environmental costs. 2.
▪ In a free market, polluting coal-fired power stations and unpopular nuclear ones should be less competitive because of rising environmental costs.
▪ Then there are the environmental costs.
▪ Trade has environmental costs, for instance.
damage
▪ The replacement of surface skin cells slows down, and they tend to become more prone to environmental damage.
▪ When that happens, the result is environmental damage and human suffering.
▪ Paradoxically, environmental damage is a source of growth because it prompts people to spend money on repairs.
▪ Seventy percent of global environmental damage is because of the rich countries.
▪ Wesley Smith Opponents say it's a policy doomed to fail - creating massive environmental damage.
▪ But the precise size of the spill and the incumbent environmental damage remained unclear Saturday.
▪ It is likely that very severe environmental damage would be done if parts of this reserve were activated.
▪ Local self-sufficiency is further hindered by widespread environmental damage.
degradation
▪ The report speaks of extensive environmental degradation caused by high population growth, rapid urbanization and fast industrialization.
▪ I realized the data did not square with the theory that population growth causes resource depletion and environmental degradation.
▪ Declining productivity levels and environmental degradation have caused a widespread exodus of people to centres of economic activity.
▪ In a few short but intense years we began to atone for centuries of environmental degradation.
▪ It would wipe out farm profits, undermine rural employment and cause environmental degradation in East Anglia, he says.
▪ Many of these relations directly or indirectly affect land using decisions which lead to environmental degradation.
▪ The results of the research will increase the knowledge of the socio-economic and demographic causes of environmental degradation in the Sahel.
▪ Regional geochemical maps provide information on background levels of metals against which environmental degradation can be monitored.
destruction
▪ The killing, which occurred in 1988, was met with worldwide outrage and focused attention on environmental destruction of the Amazon.
▪ Yet in the age of unprecedented environmental destruction an awkward question nags at us.
▪ They are already threatened with environmental destruction, since 88 % of their original vegetation has been destroyed.
▪ The downside was inefficiency, corruption and environmental destruction.
disaster
▪ If there had been a bolt on my belay at Swanage it would not have been an environmental disaster.
▪ The result is that civil, socio-political and environmental disasters are now threatening the roots of our existence.
▪ Of course, the Third World has already had - and has - some considerable environmental disasters.
▪ Although the oil wells survived they where badly managed and an environmental disaster.
▪ Perhaps international pressure can stop this environmental disaster.
▪ By 1903 the spectre of that environmental disaster had vanished.
factor
▪ On average, environmental factors caused about twice as many cancers as inborn genetic factors.
▪ Another environmental factor long thought to contribute to alcoholism is expectancy.
▪ Hence inherited characteristics could not be modified by environmental factors.
▪ Finally, it might be the result of an interplay between genetic and environmental factors.
▪ It could be forgotten that these limitations are also set by environmental factors.
▪ For plans to be effective management should consider the wider environmental factors that relate to the firm.
▪ This example shows that environmental factors can not be cleanly isolated from biological ones.
group
▪ Interest in clean technology among governments, industrial organisations and environmental groups is, therefore, high.
▪ Her decision drew strong criticism from environmental groups, nuclear non-proliferation activists and some members of Congress.
▪ Of course, disparity between the timber industry and environmental groups centres on the definition of sustainability.
▪ Myers is director of the W.. Alton Jones Foundation, an environmental group.
health
▪ The team recently collected a silver trophy in Aylesbury Vale District Council's environmental health competition.
▪ Prisons are exempt from having regular visits from environmental health officers, but in April 1992 this Crown Immunity will be lifted.
▪ Subsequently the scientists had advised the local environmental health officer of the dangers and he closed the water.
▪ Eventually, environmental health officers seized Mary Carruthers' stereo system and speakers after a petition from neighbours.
▪ And Northamptonshire's environmental health officers are backing up that message.
▪ In Darlington applications have been sent to scores of businesses which are subject to regular environmental health checks.
▪ The work of the environmental health officer will be particularly affected.
▪ People holding loud parties or operating noisy machinery will be closely scrutinised by the council's environmental health officers.
impact
▪ The Commission claims that the government has breached the directive which requires an assessment of the environmental impact of major projects.
▪ Fresh details of the zoo master plan were presented to the Planning Commission on Thursday in a 190-page environmental impact report.
▪ These are just two reasons why an environmental impact survey is needed but the planning committee have not considered this.
▪ Its main task would be to ensure that the environmental impact of military activities were kept to a minimum.
▪ We will encourage environmental audits for companies, showing the environmental impact of their activities.
▪ Our addiction to petroleum can only be managed by incorporating environmental impacts in fuel costs.
▪ In many cases, both the minimisation of environmental impact and cost savings compared with previous practice have been achieved.
▪ Increasingly such requirements are based on life-cycle assessments of the product's environmental impact during production, consumption and disposal.
improvement
▪ A third have also carried out environmental improvement work, mainly teacher instigated.
▪ It's the latest move in Teesside Operations' environmental improvement programme.
▪ Some environmental improvements and land reclamation had additionally taken place.
▪ A special study has been carried out on the need to balance environmental improvements with potential disruption of essential traffic.
▪ It cooed about sewage treatment, environmental improvements and coastal waters.
▪ It could even be represented as an environmental improvement of a run down site.
▪ Over recent years, environmental concerns have been driving genuine environmental improvements across a wide range of processes and products.
issue
▪ Includes comment on the incorporation of affordable housing, but focuses on design and environmental issues.
▪ The lawsuit asks a judge to halt the project until environmental issues are sorted out.
▪ Protecting our planet. securing our future: linkages among global environmental issues and human needs.
▪ But the commission, long criticized for inattention to environmental issues, is under fire from a sister agency.
▪ The planning department of this sixth company questioned the usefulness of determining key environmental issues, particularly given the effort involved.
▪ The Environmental Department also trains management on specific environmental issues in order to implement procedures to comply with other policy objectives.
▪ As with so many of the environmental issues that face us now, every little helps.
▪ The plan gave priority to environmental issues, but also provided for land reform, improved education and administrative and financial decentralization.
law
▪ It was investigated in 1989 for violations of environmental laws, and production ceased later that year.
▪ He defied reporters to point out an instance of where Republican-led initiatives succeeded in rolling back environmental laws.
▪ Its structure aims to allow the reader to compare and contrast aspects of environmental law between different jurisdictions.
▪ Their unsuccessful efforts included a move to block the Environmental Protection Agency from enforcing provisions of environmental laws now on the books.
▪ Strong majorities of freshmen want more gun control, tougher environmental laws, and support gay rights.
▪ Environmentalists pointed out that many of the other environmental laws are under fire in the Legislature and Congress.
management
▪ It examines the relationship between fertility histories and household labour availability, and the consequences for labour intensive techniques of environmental management.
▪ A combination of medication, lifestyle adjustments, and environmental management will allow you to control your condition.
▪ The main topics were environmental management and marine pollution.
▪ Early workers concentrated on destroying the immature aquatic stages in their breeding places using what we would now call environmental management.
▪ The initiative will seek to identify the best examples of environmental management to be used for setting a benchmark for the future.
▪ Yet these human disasters are as much to do with complex social and economic processes as they are with environmental management.
▪ Once again this highlights the significance of social and administrative factors in environmental management.
matter
▪ We are committed to openness on environmental matters.
▪ Full marks for style, but how on earth is he going to cope when environmental matters are on the agenda?
▪ The preference for directives as opposed to regulations for environmental matters has also been repeatedly expressed.
▪ Even individuals who follow environmental matters keenly will find new information or a new perspective.
▪ Author Richard Mabey is a writer and broadcaster on country and environmental matters.
▪ This organisation provides technical assistance to community groups on planning, housing and environmental matters.
▪ In this respect Ramsay Spence was given overall responsibility for quality, health, safety and environmental matters during the year.
▪ Edinburgh's integrated approach to teaching, research and institutional behaviour on environmental matters leads the way for others in higher education.
movement
▪ In the environmental movement, it was women who led demonstrations and marches and clung to trees to stop them being felled.
▪ The environmental movement is devoted to-and is itself a form of-conscious evolution.
▪ Many people have dated the start of the environmental movement to the first sight of the Earth rising over the lunar highlands.
▪ The more successful the environmental movement becomes, the more radical its partisans become.
▪ In Britain at least, the role of art in the environmental movement has been fairly marginal.
▪ As one environmental goal after another is achieved, the environmental movement raises new issues and objectives.
▪ In the environmental movement the comparable issue is the rights of future generations of humans.
▪ Much of the environmental movement today appears to fall well within that definition.
performance
▪ It will also continue to seek ways to reduce emissions further, in line with corporate objectives for continuous improvement in environmental performance.
▪ Overall responsibility for environmental performance is vested with Brian Baldock, joint Deputy Chairman.
▪ Manufacturing sites now provide information about their environmental performance to their local communities.
▪ This included the publication of specific information relating to environmental performance and emissions data.
▪ Some 114 sites surveyed had improved their environmental performance while that of 30 had deteriorated.
policy
▪ Among the things they want to know are: what are the company's social and environmental policies?
▪ Although these can be valuable instruments of environmental policy, the application of such requirements to imported products can pose significant difficulties.
▪ Government takes the lead responsibility in social and environmental policy, including that affecting provision and use of electricity.
▪ His task would be to promote the government's international environmental policies abroad.
▪ The environmental policy has progressed from its initial remedial approach to one of prevention and anticipation.
▪ Trade and environmental policies are therefore inextricably interlinked.
▪ Communicate our environmental policy to employees, customers and the community.
▪ It was also accounted for in Government planning guidance and other environmental policies that influence land use.
pollution
▪ The most important areas were agriculture, energy, environmental pollution, competition regulations, and foreign trade.
▪ The most obvious examples of spillover costs involve environmental pollution.
▪ Low level environmental pollution was detected - ie sulphates and nitrates.
▪ The project has enabled farmers to reduce environmental pollution whilst raising crop yields.
▪ Heavy industry was developed along the north coast, without any consideration of chemical, atmospheric and environmental pollution.
▪ Nor do they contribute to environmental pollution by burning fossil fuels.
▪ They also include the control of environmental pollution, and we could benefit greatly through co-operating further on defence and foreign policy.
▪ Yet as with many agreements on environmental pollution, voluntary abstention is unsuccessful.
pressure
▪ However, there will be environmental pressures on packaging and this is going to be a major factor.
▪ Concepts of strategy introduce consideration of market forces, environmental pressures, and organizational imperatives which form the backdrop for visionary initiatives.
▪ The structure which is selected is likely to be a compromise between environmental pressures which pull in opposite directions.
▪ There was, at times, a marked hostility to environmental pressure groups and to the trade union movement.
▪ But with new technology to exploit and ever greater environmental pressures Mr Middleditch demands top notch advice to maintain that relationship.
▪ Other environmental pressures could shorten this to nearer the fifty years required by law in the United States.
▪ Second, there is growing environmental pressure, particularly on organic solvents.
▪ Energy conservation and environmental pressures are rightly being placed on oil and gas producers in the North sea.
problem
▪ Among the environmental problems related to coal mining, two are considered here: opencast mining and subsidence damage.
▪ Their fortunes may thereby serve as an early warning system to humankind of previously unrecognized environmental problems.
▪ Hydrogeochemical maps are being developed as an aid to interpreting environmental problems such as acidification and agricultural and mining pollution.
▪ But that could cause other environmental problems.
▪ In the Galápagos Islands, for example, the attractions of natural beauty and a unique wildlife are leading to serious environmental problems.
▪ But a new environmental problem is on the horizon.
▪ A plan to build one in a meadow several years ago was derailed by environmental problems.
project
▪ SeaWatch encompasses all our environmental projects and was formed to improve everyone's understanding and respect for the seas.
▪ The three governments will fund specific environmental projects in the region.
▪ A study based on a volunteer for a show-piece environmental project may turn out to have drawbacks, too.
▪ The scheme is the latest in a series of environmental projects Wedgwood has run in conjunction with the school.
▪ The proceeds from the taxes will be used for environmental projects.
▪ The winner will receive a £25 voucher plus £100 for an environmental project at his or her school.
▪ Some competitions yield better results than others, particularly worthwhile are environmental projects and also some of the prestigious art competitions.
protection
▪ The buzz at Geneva last week was about smaller cars, wholesale commitment to environmental protection and rationalised, merged conglomerates.
▪ New and pressing concerns of geologists are conservation and environmental protection.
▪ Women are key agents of environmental protection.
▪ The plan also calls for balancing the budget without deep cuts in Medicare, education and environmental protection.
▪ On June 12 the Bank had approved a loan of US$29,200 million for an environmental protection and resource conservation project.
▪ Gaylord Nelson, D-Wis., as a day to rally for environmental protection.
▪ There will have to be compromises about power conservation and environmental protection, and the cost will have to be shared.
▪ Women are more likely to think around issues of education, of health care, of environmental protection.
quality
▪ Green eaters go further, buying food with good environmental quality as well.
▪ Instead of a problem, Tahoe is a showplace to see what the United States has done correctly for environmental quality management.
▪ Focuses on urban ecology, social equity, land conservation, greenhouse gas emissions and environmental quality.
▪ An improvement in environmental quality is also an economic improvement if it increases social satisfaction or welfare.
regulation
▪ These orders, valid into the next century, carried few conditions when granted and would not meet current environmental regulations.
▪ They are historic issues that developed at a time when environmental regulations did not exist.
▪ But whatever the actual cost of environmental regulation may be, it is large and commands attention.
▪ With the number of environmental regulations escalating, companies have naturally turned to outside services for help and advice.
▪ The space agency and its contractor switched supplies to comply with environmental regulations.
▪ For most industries, costs attributable to environmental regulations rarely exceed about 1.5 % of the total.
▪ Above all, the water companies may pass on to their customers any new costs caused by changes in environmental regulations.
science
▪ One solution has been to create university departments of integrated environmental science or of earth sciences.
▪ Perhaps concern about the environment has induced them to learn more about a key environmental science.
▪ In environmental science, interdisciplinarity is all.
▪ Lawrence River, where she takes samples from polluted water and instructs local residents in environmental sciences.
▪ We should choose to promote environmentally aware and responsible science - as well as to prioritise investment in environmental science itself.
▪ He left with a degree in environmental sciences and was employed by the Norfolk Naturalist Trust, a voluntary conservation organisation.
▪ How does it relate to environmental sciences?
▪ Again, relative to most other international environmental science processes, this one is pretty secure.
service
▪ The range of environmental services on offer is seemingly endless - from environmental auditing to public relations.
▪ In 1995, it added environmental services.
▪ The districts collect the rubbish ... take responsibility for housing ... and look after certain environmental services.
▪ Its remit covers consultancy, training, security, education and training, environmental services and applications development.
▪ Head of environmental services, Mr Keith Atkinson, told them it would cost around £200,000.
standard
▪ If anything, competition is bidding up environmental standards.
▪ The volunteer has to meet all relevant environmental standards, of course.
▪ Higher environmental standards have to some extent highlighted the problem of offensive odours.
▪ In addition, environmental standards have improved - sometimes dramatically - and leisure and recreational facilities have been substantially enhanced.
▪ Countries with initially low environmental standards are not immune to pressures to raise them.
▪ Under the code, each country would be allowed to meet its own environmental standards.
▪ Model clauses for contracts and leases will be drafted to meet the higher environmental standards now expected of businesses.
▪ The garbage giants' advantage was their ability to meet new environmental standards requiring safer, costlier methods of disposal.
study
▪ Teachers' notes illustrate where the resource fits within the new national guidelines for environmental studies for pupils aged 5-14.
▪ The environmental studies were the hardest challenges for the Marines because of the strong opposition from area residents, he acknowledged.
▪ The application of geochemical mapping to environmental studies in developing countries is being investigated.
▪ Shine, who distrusts photographs, has been conducting environmental studies at the lake for 20 years.
▪ The question last week was whether the city should launch another in a series of environmental studies.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ An oil spill of that size will cause a lot of environmental damage.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ A new environmental cabinet permits simulation of weathering in a wide range of environments.
▪ According to Samuel Epstein, professor of environmental medicine at the University of Illinois, the reason is obvious.
▪ And Northamptonshire's environmental health officers are backing up that message.
▪ The action is exactly reversed in an environmental analysis.
▪ The pictures sent back to earth tell an important environmental story.
▪ The planning department of this sixth company questioned the usefulness of determining key environmental issues, particularly given the effort involved.
▪ These three trends combined to form a more environmental physical geography which may have been late but hopefully not too late.
▪ We believe a much better understanding of the environmental implications of using secondary aggregates is urgently required.