WordNet
n. (ecology) the status of an organism within its environment and community (affecting its survival as a species) [syn: niche]
Wikipedia
In ecology, a niche ( CanE, or ) is a term with a variety of meanings related to the behavior of a species living under specific environmental conditions. The ecological niche describes how an organism or population responds to the distribution of resources and competitors (for example, by growing when resources are abundant, and when predators, parasites and pathogens are scarce) and how it in turn alters those same factors (for example, limiting access to resources by other organisms, acting as a food source for predators and a consumer of prey). "The type and number of variables comprising the dimensions of an environmental niche vary from one species to another [and] the relative importance of particular environmental variables for a species may vary according to the geographic and biotic contexts".
The notion of ecological niche is central to ecological biogeography, which focuses on spatial patterns of ecological communities. "Species distributions and their dynamics over time result from properties of the species, environmental variation..., and interactions between the two — in particular the abilities of some species, especially our own, to modify their environments and alter the range dynamics of many other species." Alteration of an ecological niche by its inhabitants is the topic of niche construction.
The majority of species exist in a standard ecological niche, sharing behaviors and adaptations similar to the other closely related species within the same broad taxonomic class, but there are exceptions. A premier example of a non-standard niche filling species is the flightless, ground-dwelling kiwi bird of New Zealand, which feeds on worms and other ground creatures, and lives its life in a mammal niche. Island biogeography can help explain island species and associated unfilled niches.
Usage examples of "ecological niche".
The oxygen level in the waters continued to increase, until it reached a magic concentration where another ecological niche was created -- and populated by organisms with specialized cell groups that could reproduce sexually and diversify: the animals.
There you are, minding your own business in some rain forest, perfectly adequate in your ecological niche, then bam\ Some authoritarian guy with delusions of godhood is sitting on your chest, forcing the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge down your throat.
Our would-be visitor may have evolved for too specific an ecological niche.
Never again would any creature fill this particular ecological niche, and in the future windblown insects would sail in peace.
But its similarities to Orn were enough to constitute a problem, for the two shared, to a considerable extent, an ecological niche.
It created a new ecological niche that didn't exist when people had to feed themselves with farms and fisheries.
We have a moral niche on this earth, just as we have an ecological niche.
When species exhaust their ecological niche, there is a correction, a purification.
Because there is at least one other ecological niche in such an environment: hunting.
An ecological niche existed, and the spine leopards would do what was necessary to fill the gap.