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Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
discrimination
noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
age discrimination
▪ laws against age discrimination in the workplace
age discrimination
gender bias/inequality/discrimination (=when one gender is treated unfairly)
▪ Her research investigates gender bias in the classroom.
positive discrimination
racial discrimination (=when particular races of people are treated unfairly)
▪ We found no evidence of racial discrimination.
reverse discrimination
sex discrimination
▪ She is suing the company for sex discrimination.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
blatant
▪ The Department of Defense was notorious in its blatant discrimination against its non-U.
direct
▪ Older workers also experience more direct forms of discrimination.
▪ His transfer to current affairs was blocked - the result, he still believes, of direct political discrimination.
▪ Further, the limited evidence points to both indirect and direct discrimination within the social security system.
indirect
▪ It did not outlaw indirect discrimination and indeed the concept of indirect discrimination did not appear in the legislation.
▪ The second type of discrimination, indirect discrimination, is to deal with the more hidden forms of bias.
▪ They are what is meant by indirect discrimination.
▪ While schools and housing were required to tackle indirect discrimination, Whitehall was looking after its own.
▪ Further, the limited evidence points to both indirect and direct discrimination within the social security system.
▪ An equivalent definition of indirect race discrimination occurs in the Race Relations Act 1976.
positive
▪ There may have been reasons for this lack of positive discrimination towards the older conurbations.
▪ The report did not call for positive discrimination but suggested that male, old-school attitudes still prevailed in hospitals.
▪ This suggests positive discrimination in favour of older people.
▪ Inevitably it will include strong elements of positive discrimination.
▪ This was a form of positive discrimination in favour of locals.
▪ The caste system, he says, will never be abolished by social reform or positive discrimination in favour of Untouchables.
▪ There were, however, a number of variables other than positive discrimination policies, which accounted for this relationship.
▪ Even with a more aggressive policy of positive discrimination, it is doubtful whether geographical inequalities can be overcome.
racial
▪ Business is booming for an Avis franchisee in the Carolinas despite well-publicized allegations of racial discrimination against customers.
▪ Is he guilty of racial discrimination?
▪ Co. have sued the securities firm for alleged racial discrimination over an electronic mailing they said contained racist jokes.
▪ Failure to select a suitable candidate because of age is often a covert form of racial and gender discrimination.
▪ He also reported that racial discrimination was endemic in the schools of employees' children.
▪ New Hanover executives have denied requests for comment on the charges of racial discrimination.
religious
▪ It had previously been notorious in some areas for the manipulation of electoral boundaries and for the practice of religious discrimination.
▪ Students do not need to be victims of racism, sexism, religious discrimination, or homophobia to feel like outsiders.
▪ To begin with, Catholics objected to religious discrimination reflected in the unfair allocation of jobs, housing and industrial investment.
▪ The report that documents their findings includes an appendix with 108 anecdotes by Princeton students of racial or religious harassment or discrimination.
reverse
▪ At this point the debate over the civil rights bill merged into a wider national debate concerning the legitimacy of reverse discrimination.
▪ The fact is that both the benefits of affirmative action and the white-male fears of reverse discrimination have been exaggerated.
▪ Thomas was renowned as a vigorous opponent of affirmative action or reverse discrimination, espousing minority self-help rather than racial quotas.
▪ She does think it is sometimes reverse discrimination but wonders how else people will move up.
▪ There are a number of legal formulae by which any suggestion of reverse discrimination is ruled out.
unfair
▪ As for Mr Gilbert, an industrial tribunal dismissed his claim of unfair discrimination.
▪ But unfair discrimination can keep women from the opportunity to become a boss.
unlawful
▪ A finding of unlawful discrimination may be made even though the employer has no intention to discriminate.
▪ This leads us to consider the meaning of unlawful discrimination.
▪ Such legislation gives individuals the right of direct access to the civil courts and industrial tribunals for legal remedies for unlawful discrimination.
▪ But it is not only at the recruitment stage that age ranges can be unlawful discrimination.
■ NOUN
age
▪ Arbitrary age discrimination can affect everyone.
▪ There is lots of age discrimination in the world of jobs.
▪ There is also evidence that the economic effects of age discrimination are harsher in Britain than other comparable countries.
▪ So how did Mrs Price win her case when she was alleging age discrimination.
▪ The city dropped the age limitation just before a law enforcement exemption to federal age discrimination laws expired in 1993.
▪ The major cost of age discrimination is economic dependency, the most extreme form of which is poverty.
▪ Court records show Steve Forbes was sued for age discrimination by his 65-year-old secretary.
case
▪ No discrimination case, though, was as bizarre as the one that arose when I was representing Guardian National Bank.
▪ These rules vastly increased the number of discrimination cases that could be won or settled favorably out of court.
employment
▪ The Bill sought to prohibit employment discrimination against qualified disabled persons on the ground of their disability.
▪ Blacks were demonstrating against employment discrimination and a lack of political representation.
gender
▪ Women's groups also resented the imposition of limits for gender discrimination while damages for racial bias were unlimited.
▪ They started out as a radically inclusive spiritual fellowship in which race and gender discrimination virtually disappeared.
▪ Failure to select a suitable candidate because of age is often a covert form of racial and gender discrimination.
▪ Justice Ginsburg has actually built her career on pushing for stricter standards on gender discrimination.
▪ The sharia resurgence has created social complications and gender discrimination.
▪ In the process, Clementsen has become a talking point in the debate over gender discrimination.
▪ Some large private companies are also quietly adjusting their pay structure to remove race and gender discrimination.
job
▪ That interpretation was widely viewed as favoring business over minority and female employees attempting to charge job discrimination.
▪ Boxer said she might support the marriage bill if it is amended to prohibit job discrimination against gays and lesbians.
▪ Was I supposed to sit idly by until I, or some one I knew, encountered more job discrimination?
▪ Bradley said the bill that passed was much weaker than the original version, which spelled out remedies for job discrimination.
▪ They have exerted a definite deterrent effect on the previous job discrimination experienced by epileptics and other people with medical handicaps.
▪ Local and national epilepsy organizations can also be helpful to those experiencing employment problems or job discrimination.
law
▪ Nevertheless, other lessons from abroad will need to be learnt before any new disability discrimination law can work.
▪ The city dropped the age limitation just before a law enforcement exemption to federal age discrimination laws expired in 1993.
▪ Disability discrimination law is remarkably sensitive to this argument.
lawsuit
▪ Then, in 1994, he was approached by a colleague to work on a race discrimination lawsuit against Texaco Inc.
▪ The settlement is the largest ever in a U.S. race discrimination lawsuit, according to the U.S.
▪ He was a key figure in a discrimination lawsuit aimed at integrating the department.
price
▪ There are at least three important possibilities: cost-based pricing, valued-based pricing and price discrimination.
▪ Third, price discrimination may appear in the guise of loyalty bonuses, rebates, and discounts.
▪ You can therefore think of this as a price discrimination problem with one producer and two markets.
▪ This article does not propose to explain the theory behind profit maximisation with price discrimination.
▪ Passport schemes are a price discrimination device which allows subsidies to be directed towards target groups.
▪ Division A will see its own price discrimination problem.
▪ Bureaus can thus under some conditions exercise wage and factor price discrimination.
▪ This dictum applies particularly to price discrimination and vertical restraints.
race
▪ As with race discrimination, damages can not be awarded if the discrimination is found to have been unintentional.
▪ Then, in 1994, he was approached by a colleague to work on a race discrimination lawsuit against Texaco Inc.
▪ An equivalent definition of indirect race discrimination occurs in the Race Relations Act 1976.
▪ The settlement is the largest ever in a U.S. race discrimination lawsuit, according to the U.S.
■ VERB
allege
▪ Government complaints alleging racial discrimination in rental policies have al ready been filed in Miami and Minneapolis.
▪ McAuliffe, for alleged discrimination because he is HIV-positive.
▪ She complained to an industrial tribunal alleging discrimination on the basis of the age range specified and she was successful.
▪ Co. have sued the securities firm for alleged racial discrimination over an electronic mailing they said contained racist jokes.
▪ BActress Hunter Tylo is alleging wrongful termination and discrimination.
▪ The parents' civil-rights complaint also alleges discrimination in other sports and outlined problems ranging from inconsistent discipline to withholding opportunities.
ban
▪ The President signed legislation banning discrimination against the disabled on June 26.
end
▪ Sometimes the only way to end discrimination against older people is to offer positive measures to suit their special needs.
▪ Government is still free-and required-to move decisively to end discrimination when it happens, case by case, he said.
▪ Similar attempts to end discrimination in jobs and housing also created new stresses between the races.
▪ Brown demonstrated that courageous leadership can make a difference in ending racial discrimination, perhaps more so than bureaucratic bean-counting exercises.
▪ Mr Mullin said that any attempt to persuade clubs to end discrimination by blocking their entitlement to rates relief was illegal.
▪ But Clinton will work hard for legislation to end discrimination against gays in the workplace, he said.
▪ This kind of approach should end discrimination.
▪ It was charged with finding and ending racial discrimination in war industries under government contract.
face
▪ Both communities suffer continual harassment from a blatantly racist police force, they face discrimination in courts and in prison.
▪ Some groups consistently face discrimination: age is one mode of socially structured disadvantage.
fight
▪ That day Khader decided she would devote her life to fighting discrimination against women.
▪ At the end of the draft, the platform spells out the traditional Democratic support for fighting discrimination and protecting civil rights.
▪ And he has taken steps to help Gypsies find jobs and fight discrimination.
▪ If I became a lawyer, I could fight discrimination daily.
oppose
▪ According to numerous opinion polls, they solidly oppose the kinds of discrimination that Cardinal Ratzinger condoned.
outlaw
▪ It did not outlaw indirect discrimination and indeed the concept of indirect discrimination did not appear in the legislation.
▪ A Cabinet report does not, however, favour legislation to outlaw age discrimination.
prohibit
▪ The Bill sought to prohibit employment discrimination against qualified disabled persons on the ground of their disability.
▪ Boxer said she might support the marriage bill if it is amended to prohibit job discrimination against gays and lesbians.
▪ The Act prohibits discrimination on the grounds of race, colour or nationality.
▪ He has revised regulations to prohibit discrimination against gays serving in federal government.
▪ As a result of increased public interest, more than a dozen states have passed laws that prohibit insurers from genetic discrimination.
▪ California law prohibits housing discrimination based on marital status.
▪ Recent federal laws prohibiting discrimination based upon a handicap or other health related conditions have been helpful.
suffer
▪ Hanoi also accepted back more than 100,000 refugees, who are said to have suffered virtually no discrimination on their return.
▪ The protesters, some of whom told how they had suffered from discrimination, were nearly all high school or college age.
▪ It is plainly true that in our society blacks have suffered discrimination immeasurably greater than any directed at other racial groups.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ a plan to tackle racial discrimination in the police force
▪ a sex discrimination case
▪ Federal law forbids discrimination on the basis of race, sex, or color.
▪ He believed his boss had violated the age discrimination law.
▪ Immigrants faced harassment and discrimination, and were paid considerably less than their white colleagues.
▪ In 1974 IBM became the first American company to bar discrimination against gay workers.
▪ Laws have got to be tougher to stop discrimination against the disabled.
▪ Many women still face sex discrimination in the military.
▪ racial discrimination
▪ The company was found guilty of racial discrimination, and was ordered to renew Ms. Jayalalitha's employment contract.
▪ The Department was notorious for its blatant discrimination against non-U.S. citizen employees.
▪ The most common victims of age discrimination are employees in their mid-50s.
▪ The policy forbids any form of discrimination against gay and lesbian students.
▪ They managed to reform American law, and ban racial and religious discrimination in housing, schools, and the workplace.
▪ White-male fears of reverse discrimination have been widely exaggerated.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ But unfair discrimination can keep women from the opportunity to become a boss.
▪ In the past few weeks the government has once again blocked an attempt to give disabled people legal protection against discrimination.
▪ It did not outlaw indirect discrimination and indeed the concept of indirect discrimination did not appear in the legislation.
▪ No legal framework prevails to enable disabled people to counteract discrimination, unfair employment practices, problems of access, etc.
▪ Political repression and racial discrimination were at a high point.
▪ The result continues to be discrimination.
▪ The truth is that social discrimination continues, somewhat attenuated in the North, but hardly at all attenuated in the South.
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Discrimination

Discrimination \Dis*crim`i*na"tion\, n. [L. discriminatio the contrasting of opposite thoughts.]

  1. The act of discriminating, distinguishing, or noting and marking differences.

    To make an anxious discrimination between the miracle absolute and providential.
    --Trench.

  2. The state of being discriminated, distinguished, or set apart.
    --Sir J. Reynolds.

  3. (Railroads) The arbitrary imposition of unequal tariffs for substantially the same service.

    A difference in rates, not based upon any corresponding difference in cost, constitutes a case of discrimination.
    --A. T. Hadley.

  4. The quality of being discriminating; faculty of nicely distinguishing; acute discernment; as, to show great discrimination in the choice of means.

  5. That which discriminates; mark of distinction.

    Syn: Discernment; penetration; clearness; acuteness; judgment; distinction. See Discernment.

Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
discrimination

1640s, "the making of distinctions," from Late Latin discriminationem (nominative discriminatio), noun of action from past participle stem of discriminare (see discriminate). Especially in a prejudicial way, based on race, 1866, American English. Meaning "discernment" is from 1814.\nIt especially annoys me when racists are accused of 'discrimination.' The ability to discriminate is a precious facility; by judging all members of one 'race' to be the same, the racist precisely shows himself incapable of discrimination. [Christopher Hitchens]

Wiktionary
discrimination

n. 1 a distinction; discernment, the act of discriminating, discerning, distinguishing, noting or perceiving differences between things. 2 The state of being discriminated, distinguished from, or set apart. 3 (sometimes ''discrimination against'') distinct treatment of an individual or group to their disadvantage; treatment or consideration based on class or category rather than individual merit; partiality; prejudice; bigotry 4 The quality of being discriminating, acute discernment, specifically in a learning situation; as to show great discrimination in the choice of means. 5 That which discriminates; mark of distinction, a characteristic.

WordNet
discrimination
  1. n. unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice [syn: favoritism, favouritism]

  2. the cognitive process whereby two or more stimuli are distinguished [syn: secernment]

Wikipedia
Discrimination

In human social affairs, discrimination is treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing is perceived to belong to rather than on individual merit. This includes treatment of an individual or group, based on their actual or perceived membership in a certain group or social category, "in a way that is worse than the way people are usually treated". It involves the group's initial reaction or interaction going on to influence the individual's actual behavior towards the group leader or the group, restricting members of one group from opportunities or privileges that are available to another group, leading to the exclusion of the individual or entities based on logical or irrational decision making.

Discriminatory traditions, policies, ideas, practices, and laws exist in many countries and institutions in every part of the world, even in ones where discrimination is generally looked down upon. In some places, controversial attempts such as quotas have been used to benefit those believed to be current or past victims of discrimination—but have sometimes been called reverse discrimination. In the USA, a government policy known as affirmative action was instituted to encourage employers and universities to seek out and accept groups such as African Americans and women, who have been subject to discrimination for a long time.

Discrimination (disambiguation)

Discrimination is an act of prejudice in which members of one group are treated differently from those in another group.

Discrimination may also refer to:

Usage examples of "discrimination".

Congress is impotent to control the intrastate charges of an interstate carrier even to the extent necessary to prevent injurious discrimination against interstate traffic.

Among those who had the discrimination to appreciate, and the heart to feel for him, luckily for Curran, was Mr.

Pitch discrimination seems to depend on structural factors which are not susceptible of improvement by practice.

It forbids all invidious discrimination but does not require identical treatment for all persons without recognition of differences in relevant circumstances.

This was the woman who had showed discrimination and calmness in face of a great danger on the Garonne.

It cannot be the case that the equal-protection clausewhich was designed to target racial discrimination against blacksimposes a higher burden of proof on blacks seeking its protection against discrimination in life-or-death cases than on voters who claim that their vote may have been diluted by an unknown and tiny amount in a random, nondiscriminatory manner.

Chapter II THE GHOST OF CAPTAIN BRAND IT is not so easy to tell why discredit should be cast upon a man because of something that his grandfather may have done amiss, but the world, which is never overnice in its discrimination as to where to lay the blame, is often pleased to make the innocent suffer in the place of the guilty.

Fourteenth Amendment reapportionment case at all, but rather a Fifteenth Amendment case of specific racial discrimination.

Both the blue and the note are immediately posited by the discrimination of sense-awareness which relates the mind to nature.

Much confusion has arisen from the great variety of names, applied without discrimination to the various tribes of Saulteurs and Crees.

A great deal was being written nationally about racial disharmony in big-city police forces, notably the Los Angeles Police Department, where ugly discrimination against blacks, both on and off the force, had had semiofficial approval from the top over many years.

During those two hours, the staff had been working on a blockbuster story telling how Harlem had gone on strike, no one was reporting for work, and while there had been no announcements, the action was obviously well-organized and clearly a massive protest by the black community against bias, discrimination, and all forms of tokenistic, non-Jewish liberalism.

He was no longer guided in his choice by liking and appetite: he had to put it on the edge of a sharp discrimination, and try it by his acutest judgement before it was acceptable to his heart: and knowing well the direction of his desire, he was nevertheless unable to run two strides on a wish.

The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, plus the set of laws passed in the late 1860s and early 1870s, gave the President enough authority to wipe out racial discrimination.

Is not a bunch of chrysanthemums a sort of take-it-or-leave-it declaration, boldly and showily made, an offer without discrimination, a tender without romance?