Wikipedia
Counter-flows
Counter-flow (also referred as contra-flow) is the movement of cultures from one place to another brought by mobile subjects (migrants) that can have a positive or negative impact or effect on society. It is no longer from “the west to the rest,” but a two way movement. Counter-flows can be seen through the media such as telenovelas ( soap operas) and through gangs such as the Mara Salvatrucha or MS-13 from El Salvador. Daya Kishan Thussu defines contra-flow as:
"the semantic and imaginative referents for the institutional, cultural and political matrix of a world framed by processes of global cultural power and local negotiation: a world experienced through the identity politics of nations, individuals and cultures and negotiated through contestations of locality, nationality and global citizenship."