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Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
circulation
noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
atmospheric
▪ Whether the continued global warming and associated changes in atmospheric circulation will occur steadily is unknown.
▪ Any weakening of the stratospheric inversion would affect convective processes and atmospheric circulation in general, thereby affecting weather and climate.
▪ Moreover, theories of atmospheric circulation on Jupiter yield winds rather than waves.
daily
▪ Its daily circulation in the 1960s stood at well over 1.3 million copies.
▪ C., with a daily circulation of 18, 846 and a Sunday circulation of 21, 307.
▪ In 1947 it had an average daily circulation of 2, 134,000 copies but in 1961 it only sold 1,394,000 copies.
▪ The Wall Street Journal boasts the largest daily paper circulation, a little less than two million.
▪ Town Talk has daily circulation of 40, 400.
free
▪ The Treaty of Rome meanwhile guarantees free circulation of goods.
▪ These old colonial buildings with their splendid wide windows allow free circulation of air.
general
▪ Such obstruction to the flow of bile will cause the conjugated bilirubin to be regurgitated into the sinusoids and the general circulation.
large
▪ The vortices merge in pairs to form more diffuse vortices with larger overall circulation.
▪ The Wall Street Journal boasts the largest daily paper circulation, a little less than two million.
▪ It was the combination of large circulation share and a large number of titles that gave concentration its distinctive character in 1990.
mass
▪ The only game in town was mass circulation, and that was to be achieved by NoS becoming an aggressively popular tabloid.
▪ In quest of mass circulation and advertising support, the major city newspapers gradually developed a tradition of political and journalistic independence.
▪ Sadly, commentators and writers in the mass circulation dailies sometimes lack the ability to discriminate.
▪ The very fact they are bought and read daily by millions of people gives mass circulation newspapers an undeniable political role.
▪ Perhaps a government subsidy, sourced from entertainment tax, should have been applied in the interests of mass circulation.
▪ The offeror must then publicise this intention in a mass circulation newspaper or by some other means approved by the supervisory authority.
poor
▪ Extra heating may also be required to offset pain, discomfort or poor circulation.
▪ Peristaltic tights will appeal to sufferers from poor circulation and varicose veins, and those whose hearts need a bit of extra help.
▪ Tight boots lead to good control of your skis but poor circulation to the toes.
▪ The elderly or disabled are particularly vulnerable, although some younger people with poor circulation can also suffer from the condition.
▪ Coldness or sweating, flushing, poor circulation, fatigue, fainting.
▪ There is also a risk of gangrene due to poor circulation, plus cataracts and possible kidney failure.
small
▪ Where there is only a small number in circulation the gilt may be difficult to sell.
▪ The popular penny press displaced the small circulation partisan press as the model of the daily newspaper.
▪ With the much lower production costs of the late 1980s, small circulation was no longer the same barrier to profitability.
▪ Printed on hand presses, they had small circulations, and were essentially house organs for political factions.
total
▪ If not - and those papers had less than a quarter of the total circulation - it was broadsheet.
▪ Last year, delinquent debt overshadowed the total currency in circulation almost 5 to 1, Imaz says.
▪ Their total circulation was 37 million.
▪ Unlike the mornings, the number of titles remained much the same, but total circulation fell.
wide
▪ Each year it gets longer, and this year went into wide circulation.
▪ A wide circulation or advertising the sale does not seem appropriate - at least not in the first instance.
▪ Most readers won't realise just how wide a circulation Environmental Issues has.
▪ The list was given wider circulation by the monthly art newspaper Kunstavisen in its January/February 1992 number.
▪ Therefore the wider circulation of such policy statements needs to be a priority in order to correct that misconception.
▪ Pieces which have proved to be of enduring worth have passed from special conference song books into collections with a wider circulation.
▪ It was further suggested that the principal value of the new statement might be for reference purposes rather than for wide circulation.
■ NOUN
air
▪ Make sure there is sufficient room around the machine for adequate air circulation.
▪ In spite of important differences in culture among species, good air circulation is an indispensable requirement for success with all cacti.
▪ Kept in a cool, dark, dry place with good air circulation, dry onions will keep for months.
▪ Trunks have electrical outlets, telephone hookups and vents for air circulation.
▪ If food is stacked in such a way that the air circulation is impeded, performance will suffer.
▪ The straps can be slackened to allow greater air circulation between the back and the sack if sweating becomes a problem.
area
▪ Evening and weekly papers faced the stiffest competition at the fringes of their circulation areas.
▪ For them, census statistics on local circulation areas play an increasingly important role in supporting their advertisement selling.
blood
▪ This contact creates a pumping action which stimulates correct blood circulation in the foot.
▪ Mild exercise may help a little by increasing blood circulation and thus flushing lactic acid from the muscles.
▪ The improved blood circulation enables practitioners to perform tasks in a more vigorous and healthy manner.
▪ The rocking also helps with blood circulation and bowel movement and with preventing calcium deposits and stones.
▪ They then migrate into the lymphoid tissue and eventually return to the blood circulation.
▪ It also greatly improved blood circulation which in turn helps to induce peaceful, deep, relaxing sleep.
▪ This heats the interior of the prostate to around 45°C, probably improving blood circulation and flushing out infection.
▪ And it is known that the greater the heart-brain distance the greater is the systemic pressure of the blood circulation needed.
figures
▪ This suggests a major drop in popularity, and it would be interesting to look at the circulation figures.
▪ Unfortunately, no record of circulation figures for Zuhra can now be found.
■ VERB
boost
▪ Squeezing To boost circulation in the thighs and calves, place your hands on the skin, fingers pointing away from you.
▪ Can you think of a better way to boost circulation?
▪ A cycle ride, walk or swim at least three times a week will boost your circulation and help maintain a healthy bloom.
improve
▪ Some insects are able to improve the circulation of air by inflating and deflating their abdomens with a muscular pumping action.
▪ Body beautiful A home massage will tone and improve circulation and help to relieve aching limbs.
▪ Go for a run Before the flight, a jog or a swim will improve circulation.
▪ It helps muscular relaxation and improves circulation.
▪ Once you have improved the circulation, you can begin to knead the fleshy areas of your body such as thighs and calves.
put
▪ So much money had been put into circulation because of the presidential campaign that inflation was rampant.
▪ More money would be put into circulation.
▪ But the second Annales generation added nothing essential to the lot of ideas put into circulation by the first.
remove
▪ Platelets are removed from the circulation in the spleen and liver.
stimulate
▪ However, you also need to give yourself a flying start by stimulating the circulation through massage and natural herbal extracts.
▪ This contact creates a pumping action which stimulates correct blood circulation in the foot.
▪ Dry body brushing stimulates circulation and shifts pollutants to the kidneys for elimination.
▪ Face packs are designed to balance skin secretions, to stimulate the circulation and to moisturise and tighten the skin.
▪ By now you will have stimulated the circulation enough to move on to the next stage, which is kneading.
▪ They are designed to stimulate the circulation which in turn helps to eliminate the toxins and fatty particles.
▪ Taking moderate exercise will stimulate your circulation and release the natural chemicals which make you feel relaxed and invigorated.
▪ Massage, particularly aromatherapy, stimulates circulation in much the same way.
withdraw
▪ It was rumoured that banknotes were never withdrawn from circulation but simply frayed away.
▪ The publishers withdrew the book from circulation and removed the offending passages.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ It is a specialist journal with a relatively small circulation.
▪ The bandage is too tight - it's cutting off my circulation.
▪ The local newspaper has a circulation of around 16,000.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ Extra heating may also be required to offset pain, discomfort or poor circulation.
▪ In addition, the opposition will be allowed to publish a daily newspaper with a circulation of 500,000.
▪ That in turn caused the car rental companies to keep their vehicles in circulation longer.
▪ The quantity of cash in circulation could drop by half.
▪ The Sun switched back to the Tories in 1979, and the circulation gap doubled.
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Circulation

Circulation \Cir`cu*la"tion\, n. [L. circulatio: cf. F. circulation.]

  1. The act of moving in a circle, or in a course which brings the moving body to the place where its motion began.

    This continual circulation of human things.
    --Swift.

  2. The act of passing from place to place or person to person; free diffusion; transmission.

    The true doctrines of astronomy appear to have had some popular circulation.
    --Whewell.

  3. Currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc., current for coin.

  4. The extent to which anything circulates or is circulated; the measure of diffusion; as, the circulation of a newspaper.

  5. (Physiol.) The movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system, by which it is brought into close relations with almost every living elementary constituent. Also, the movement of the sap in the vessels and tissues of plants.

Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
circulation

mid-15c., from Middle French circulation or directly from Latin circulationem (nominative circulatio), noun of action from past participle stem of circulare "to form a circle," from circulus "small ring" (see circle (n.)). Used of blood first by William Harvey, 1620s.

Wiktionary
circulation

n. 1 (senseid en The act of moving in a circle)The act of moving in a circle, or in a course which brings the moving body to the place where its motion began. 2 The act of passing from place to place or person to person; free diffusion; transmission. 3 Currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc., current for coin. 4 The extent to which anything circulates or is circulated; the measure of diffusion; as, the circulation of a newspaper. 5 (senseid en The movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system)The movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system, by which it is brought into close relations with almost every living elementary constituent. Also the movement of the sap in the vessels and tissues of plants.

WordNet
circulation
  1. n. the dissemination of copies of periodicals (as newspapers or magazines)

  2. movement through a circuit; especially the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels

  3. (library science) the count of books that are loaned by a library over a specified period

  4. number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold; "by increasing its circulation the newspaper hoped to increase its advertising"

  5. free movement or passage through a series of vessels (as of water through pipes or sap through a plant)

  6. the spread or transmission of something (as news or money) to a wider group or area

Wikipedia
Circulation

Circulation may refer to:

Circulation (fluid dynamics)

In fluid dynamics, circulation is the line integral around a closed curve of the velocity field. Circulation is normally denoted Γ ( Greek uppercase gamma). Circulation was first used independently by Frederick Lanchester, Wilhelm Kutta, and Nikolai Zhukovsky.

Circulation (journal)

Circulation is a scientific journal published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins for the American Heart Association. The journal publishes articles related to research in and the practice of cardiovascular diseases, including observational studies, clinical trials, epidemiology, health services and outcomes studies, and advances in applied (translational) and basic research. From 1996 to 2004, its impact factor remained close to 10. As of 2014, its impact factor was 14.43 and it ranked fourth among journals in the Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems, Peripheral Vascular Disease categories.

2008 saw the appearance of six subspecialty journals. The first edition of Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology (Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol) appeared in April 2008, followed by an edition dedicated to heart failure in May titled Circulation: Heart Failure (Circ Heart Fail). The remaining four journals launched once per month from July through October 2008. In order of release they were, Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging (Circ Cardiovasc Imaging), Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions (Circ Cardiovasc Intervent), Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes (Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes), and Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics (Circ Cardiovasc Genet).

Circulation (currency)

In monetary economics, circulation is the continuing use of individual units of a currency for transactions. Thus currency in circulation is the total value of currency (coins and paper currency) that has ever been issued minus the amount that has been removed from the economy by the central bank. More broadly, money in circulation is the total money supply of a country, which can be defined in various ways always including currency and also including some types of bank deposits.

Circulation (film)

Circulation is a 2008 fantasy- psychological thriller film written and directed by Ryan Harper. It stars Yvonne DeLaRosa and Sherman Koltz as residents in a purgatory-like existence where people are reincarnated as animals.

Circulation (architecture)

In the field of architecture, circulation refers to the way people move through and interact with a building. In public buildings, circulation is of high importance; for example, in buildings such as museums, it is key to have a floor plan that allows continuous movement while minimizing the necessity to retrace one's steps, allowing a visitor to see each work in a sequential, natural fashion. Structures such as elevators, escalators, and staircases are often referred to as circulation elements, as they are positioned and designed to optimize the flow of people through a building, sometimes through the use of a core.

In some situations, one-way circulation is desirable.

Usage examples of "circulation".

In minute doses Blood-root is a valuable alterative, acting upon the biliary secretion and improving the circulation and digestion.

Keep up the circulation of his blood for years to come, and excite aphorism and anecdotes and dreams for the instruction and amusements by the action of his brain upon his mind.

They would be recorded, in all probability, in the Avifauna Journal - a small publication of limited circulation which went to keen students of bird life.

It invariably obstructs the circulation of my magnificent caudal appendage.

They cheapen the price so as to gain a circulation, which advertisers cater for.

The injection of the tumors with a fluid which causes coagulation of the blood, and which does not completely shut off the return current of the circulation through the tumors, has proved fatal in a small percentage of cases.

This consultation, which I have still in my possession, says that our blood is an elastic fluid which is liable to diminish or to increase in thickness, but never in quantity, and that my haemorrhage could only proceed from the thickness of the mass of my blood, which relieved itself in a natural way in order to facilitate circulation.

The latter possess double endowments, and not only participate in the operations of deglutition, digestion, circulation, and respiration, but are also nerves of sensation and instinctive motion.

Though the denarius was a more common coin in circulation than the sestertius, Roman accounting procedures were always expressed in sesterces.

Ergo, no need for blood to be circulated to the lungs, save to nourish the developing tissueand so the ductus arteriosus bypasses the pulmonary circulation.

Within the pulp is contained the grape sugar, which differs in some respects chemically from cane sugar, and which is taken up straightway into our circulation when eaten, without having to be changed slowly by the saliva, as is the case with cane sugar.

The circulation is loaded with effete and useless matter, the vessels being thereby weakened and distended, and the circulation retarded.

In consequence the pulse grows small and weak, and the patient cannot exercise or labor as usual, and finally the lower limbs begin to swell, then the face and body, the skin looks dusky, the appetite is impaired, the kidneys become diseased, there is difficulty in breathing, and the patient, it is said, dies of dropsy, yet dropsy was the result of a disease of the heart, which retarded the circulation and enfeebled the system, and which was actually the primary cause of death.

Impure blood, inherited scrofulous taints, enfeebled circulation, debility, either general or nervous, are all advance agents, inviting catarrhal disease, and preventing rapid recovery from an acute attack, so that a low grade of Chronic Catarrh is generally the sequence.

Shelby tucked some hairs that had fallen out of her loose ponytail and wondered if she should warn him that he was about to cut off circulation to a vital area, with the way he was now completely poking through the eyelet hole.