adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a causal connection (=that causes or is caused by something else)
▪ Psychologists have established a causal connection between behaviour and rewards.
a causal relationship (=when one thing causes another)
▪ the causal relationship between cigarette smoking and lung cancer
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ NOUN
agent
▪ Cause, on the other hand, situates the causal agent prior to the event caused and so requires the to infinitive.
chain
▪ They are thus perfectly suited to the analysis of our beliefs about causal chains or sequences.
▪ We regularly take it that a causal circumstance is linked by way of a causal chain or sequence to its effect.
▪ The importance of such an outcome is very different depending on where in the causal chain the third variable comes.
▪ And, by the same token, the world will come to be filled with the links in this causal chain.
circumstances
▪ Some equations, asserted in a certain context or on certain assumptions, have to do with parts of causal circumstances.
▪ I have latterly been speaking only of causal circumstances, and not causes.
▪ These are pairs of things in a fundamental way like causal circumstances and effects.
▪ We also have it that effects do no more than dependently necessitate their causal circumstances.
▪ Strictly speaking, in what ontological category of things are causes and other conditions, the things which comprise causal circumstances?
▪ Do all of what we take to be causal circumstances and causes precede their effects?
▪ Each ordinary causal circumstances is simply required for the effect, the effect requiring it.
▪ In some respects there seems not much room for argument about our conception of standard effects and their causal circumstances.
connection
▪ There is also a causal connection between the two processes.
▪ There must also be a causal connection between disability and a substantial limitation on a major life activity.
▪ The idea that science does not involve causal connection also faces other difficulties, one of which can be given briefly.
▪ But even if there is not this causal connection, the fantasy does have a causal effect.
▪ The causal connection between the addictive use and the damaging consequences may be denied.
▪ The achievement of a goal will serve to reinforce the behaviour and so establish a causal connection between needs and goals.
▪ The causal connection between mood-altering substance or behaviour and the damaging consequences continues to be denied and the denial is intensified.
▪ There is no important causal connection between the reinforcing effect of a stimulus and the feelings to which it gives rise.
direction
▪ In other words, the primary communicative function of causal connectives is to signal causal direction.
▪ The causal direction hypothesis predicts that performance will be better on the causal task than on the temporal task.
▪ Consequently, in the intentional mode, there is a complex relationship between causal direction and temporal order.
effect
▪ We can not directly infer a causal effect from a statistical effect.
▪ Being female has a causal effect in two ways.
▪ We now turn to causal path models to guide us as we summarize the various causal effects.
▪ The slope can be thought of as a numerical expression of the strength of causal effect of one variable on another.
▪ But even if there is not this causal connection, the fantasy does have a causal effect.
▪ However, we can not even be sure that it has got the causal effects absolutely right.
▪ First, they allow direct and indirect causal effects to be calculated and compared.
explanation
▪ Among the studies that have found that small farms have higher land productivity, different causal explanations may be found.
▪ The orbital motion of the earth provided a causal explanation for why the planets appeared to meander across the sky.
▪ Nor have we tried to decide whether rules and reasons can only be considered in a hermeneutic framework incompatible with causal explanation.
▪ This view characterises most sociological explanations of crime, including those that fall into the third category of causal explanation: invention.
▪ Is the meaning account merely preliminary to a real causal explanation?
▪ Crucially, therefore, causal explanation is the proper procedure when we engage in natural science but not elsewhere.
▪ The Smith-Thomson critique offers no causal explanation of precisely why shifts have occurred in the balance of community and state provision.
▪ From these examples it will begin to be apparent that witchcraft is invoked as a causal explanation of irregularities.
factor
▪ These are not experimental because no causal factor is assumed to be operating in the survey situation.
▪ During the past decade, much research has addressed possible causal factors.
▪ Weight by itself can thus be eliminated as a causal factor.
▪ Second, the relationship between age and poverty may be the consequence of other causal factors.
▪ Instead, when fully understood, the apparent contradiction may reveal a new causal factor that was not considered before.
▪ There are, of course, profound disagreements between Marxist and elite writers as to the causal factors generating this phenomena.
▪ For had the causal factor not been present, everything would have been different.
influence
▪ However, the very preoccupation with identifying causal influences begs more fundamental questions about whether contemporaries shared intellectual assumptions.
law
▪ Yet the current view is also that explanation involves an appeal to causal laws and not solely to generalizations.
▪ The rules of the social world are, from a hermeneutic point of view, importantly different from causal laws.
▪ This billiard ball behaves precisely like any billiard ball in the same conditions, and there are causal laws to explain why.
▪ Every blink conforms to the causal laws of this physical movement.
▪ They would retort that, if rules are causally effective, it must be in the manner of other causal laws.
▪ This way of looking at causal laws is a delicate compromise.
▪ On the contrary, some can, and have often been called and regarded as causal laws.
▪ Such laws, although sometimes run together with causal laws, are best regarded as otherwise.
link
▪ We want a link between belief and truth to prevent this happening, and a causal link looks promising.
▪ In other words it enables one to modify the artificially simplistic notion of clear-cut dependent and independent variables having one-way causal links.
▪ The material causal links may not always be readily perceivable, but they are there all the same.
▪ Some courts have however looked to the causal link between the existence of a hearing and the final outcome.
▪ There could be a causal link between demanding social justice and realism as a method, but it is not shown.
▪ If this causal link is not present the application will fail.
▪ Explanation extends our understanding of the world, by moving beyond simple observation of events to the causal links underpinning them.
model
▪ Thus the causal model is a two-step one.
path
▪ Let us construct a causal path diagram depicting one possible set of relationships between these variables.
▪ In traditional macho science, scientific explanations stressed hierarchies and unidirectional causal paths.
▪ We now turn to causal path models to guide us as we summarize the various causal effects.
▪ As we learned in chapter 8, these results could be depicted in a causal path diagram as shown below.
▪ To calculate the effect of an indirect causal path, the values of adjacent paths are multiplied.
▪ Draw a causal path diagram indicating the relationships you would assume to exist between these variables.
process
▪ Researchers rarely conduct research with a finished model of the causal process they want to test in mind.
▪ The salient causal processes in the creation of this deferential coalfield culture are the subject of considerable debate.
▪ Normally, this result would be explained in terms of the three causal processes of attention decrement, discounting, and assimilation.
▪ At best it shows only that something similar is happening without showing why, or identifying key causal processes.
▪ That is, to explain the experimental findings in terms of the subjects' account of the experimental rather than causal processes.
▪ These can be compared with the causal processes mentioned.
relation
▪ A general concept can be exemplified by any number of particular instances which need not stand in any causal relation with each other.
▪ This emphasizes a causal relation between what A wants and what B does.
▪ There is no causal relation between these various events.
▪ That would entail the existence of causal relations between such persons, in all their physical complexity, and the divine being.
▪ These causal relations are essential to what they mean: without semantics a language is an uninterpreted formal language.
▪ Therefore, additional evidence clearly pointing to a causal relation between H pylori infection and gastric ulcer disease has to be provided.
▪ Such a projection does not in general preserve causal relations.
▪ The caveat pertains too to what follows in this chapter, further conclusions about causal relations.
relationship
▪ Nevertheless, in this two-way causal relationship, poverty is primarily a cause of illness and only secondarily its effect.
▪ The Synagogue and communal agencies, as has already been pointed out, should have a direct causal relationship.
▪ But the existence of a causal relationship is still debated.
▪ Clearly, then, a causal relationship would be plausible.
▪ The aspiration towards some sort of rational understanding of the causal relationship is probably the best we can achieve.
▪ Indeed, the two have a causal relationship.
▪ The first casts older people as being almost inevitably poor and this draws a causal relationship between income and later life.
▪ A word such as because makes an outright claim of a causal relationship between one idea and another.
role
▪ These were termed severe events and were assumed to have a causal role.
▪ This encouraged the authors to argue for some causal role for these specific event types.
▪ In the longitudinal part of the enquiry, the investigators examined the possible causal role of support.
▪ Establishment of a causal role for leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of mucosal damage has, however, remained elusive.
▪ Scientists have long recognized that environmental factors play a notable causal role in many cancers.
▪ They must be accorded a permissive rather than a causal role.
sequence
▪ Through a series of strategic puns Sukenick associates the collection of evidence, analysis and causal sequence with political totalitarianism.
▪ In their study, three-to five-year-old children observed causal sequences involving a Jack-in-the-box with two runways into the box.
theory
▪ Table 5.4 summarizes the main evidence marshalled in support of her causal theory of social revolution.
▪ This move should call to mind some remarks made in 2.4 about the causal theory of knowledge.
▪ This thesis about the meaning of ethical words is presented against the background of a causal theory of meaning in general.
▪ And we could take the causal theory in this way.
▪ The conditional theory is less demanding, and hence escapes some of the difficulties which the causal theory faced.
▪ So the conditional theory is a generalisation of the causal theory.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ A word such as because makes an outright claim of a causal relationship between one idea and another.
▪ Any one pair of these elements can be causal, and these relationships may change within the period being measured.
▪ However, these data combine spontaneous and induced abortions and thus reflect different causal phenomena.
▪ Motivation is therefore a causal relationship between effort expended, the performance attained and the reward related to the performance.
▪ That would entail the existence of causal relations between such persons, in all their physical complexity, and the divine being.
▪ The objection, again, is that we do not in our standard causal thinking have or use such an idea.
▪ These findings add considerable weight to the claims that emotional arousal is of causal significance to relapse.
▪ To take a causal circumstance as having no redundancy is obviously to exclude things wholly irrelevant to the effect.