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Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
catch-up

"a working to overtake a leading rival," by 1971, probably a figurative use from U.S. football in reference to being behind in the score. From verbal phrase catch up, which was used from early 14c. in sense "raise aloft" and from 1855 in sense "overtake;" see catch (v.) + up (adv.).

Wiktionary
catch-up

n. (alternative spelling of catch up English)

Usage examples of "catch-up".

Their midcourse maneuver had put them slightly ahead for now, and my hopes for getting permission for an autonomous catch-up burn were about nil.

They were still playing catch-up, but they'd managed to considerably narrow the gap between themselves and their potential enemies.

The twenty-first was a Tuesday, and certainly Marx, who'd been out of the country for a couple of months, would have many errands and catch-ups to do, perhaps a multitude of visitors and appointments.

Sunday day duties were usually quiet in the Seventeenth, a good time for a detective to play catch-up on his paperwork.

Those Medellin bastards stepped way over the line, and they did it in an election year, and Ryan was in the right place to play a little catch-up ball, and so somebody issued him a hunting license, and maybe things got a little out of hand--it happens--and so he goes down there to shut it down.