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The Collaborative International Dictionary
Calx

Calx \Calx\, n.; pl. E. Calxes, L. Calces. [L. Calx, calcis. limestone; cf. Gr. ? gravel. ?, ?, pebble, Skr. ? gravel, Ir. carraic rock Gael. carraig, W. careg, stone. Cf. Chalk.]

  1. (Chem.)

    1. Quicklime. [Obs.]

    2. The substance which remains when a metal or mineral has been subjected to calcination or combustion by heat, and which is, or may be, reduced to a fine powder.

      Note: Metallic calxes are now called oxides.

  2. Broken and refuse glass, returned to the post.

Wiktionary
calx

n. 1 (context archaic English) The substance which remains after a metal or mineral has been thoroughly burnt, seen as being the essential substance left after the expulsion of phlogiston. 2 (Now recognised as being) the oxide left after calcination of a metal. 3 calcium oxide 4 In the Eton College wall game, an area at the end of the field where a shy can be scored by lifting the ball against the wall with one's foot.

WordNet
calx
  1. n. a white crystalline oxide used in the production of calcium hydroxide [syn: calcium oxide, quicklime, lime, calcined lime, fluxing lime, unslaked lime, burnt lime]

  2. [also: calces (pl)]

Wikipedia
Calx

Calx (From Arabic "کلس") is a residual substance, sometimes in the form of a fine powder, that is left when a metal or mineral combusts or is calcinated due to heat.

Calx, especially of a metal, is now known as an oxide. According to the obsolete phlogiston theory, the calx was the true elemental substance, having lost its phlogiston in the process of combustion.

"Calx" is also sometimes used in older texts on artist's techniques to mean calcium oxide.

Usage examples of "calx".

But all flies or sinks before fire almost in all bodies: when the common ligament is dissolved, the attenuable parts ascend, the rest subside in coal, calx or ashes.

Right up to the closing years of the eighteenth century (and in Priestley’s case a little beyond) scientists everywhere searched for, and sometimes believed they had actually found, things that just weren’t there: vitiated airs, dephlogisticated marine acids, phloxes, calxes, terraqueous exhalations, and, above all, phlogiston, the substance that was thought to be the active agent in combustion.

The most useful facet of his talent is that he transforms rocks into calxes, which are used in calculus, so the more rocks he shrinks, the more the effect of his magic grows.