What is "al-ikhlas"

Sūrat al-Ikhlāṣ (, "Fidelity" or "Sincerity"), also known as Sūrat al-Tawḥīd (, "Monotheism") is the 112th Sura of the Qur'an. In the early years of Islam, the sūrahs of the Quran came to be known by several different names, sometimes varying by region. This sūrah was among those to receive many different titles. It is a short declaration of tawhid, God's absolute oneness, consisting of 4 ayat. Al-Ikhlas means "the purity" or "the refining".

It is disputed whether this is a Meccan or Madinan sura. The former seems more probable, particularly since it seems to have been alluded to by Bilal of Abyssinia, who, when he was being tortured by his cruel master, is said to have repeated "Ahad, Ahad!" (unique, referring as here to Allah). It is reported from Ubayy ibn Ka'b that it was revealed after the polytheists asked "O Muhammad! Tell us the lineage of your Lord."