Complex methods

Usage examples of systems.

Indeed at each level in biological systems, as in chemical systems, the morphic units in isolation behave more indeterminately than they do when they are part of a higher-level morphic unit.

This is the general area of the natural and ecological sciences, the life sciences, the systems sciences, and we will explore each of them carefully.

But since my aim is very general, I will refer to them collectively as systems theory, dynamic systems theory, or evolutionary systems theory.

And the cure for this pathology, in all systems, is essentially the same: rooting out the pathological holons so that the holarchy itself can return to harmony.

And while this is wonderful to get the emotions running in a politically correct college-age mentality, it does precisely nothing to help articulate the nature of human value systems, the nature of how men and women go about choosing the good, and the true, and the beautiful, choices that involve ranking, and choices that these critics make and then deny they have made.

There is significant evidence accumulated in many fields of empirical science that dynamic systems do not evolve smoothly and continuously over time, but do so in comparatively sudden leaps and bursts.

Such hierarchical structure and combination into systems of ever higher order, is characteristic of reality as a whole and is of fundamental importance especially in biology, psychology and sociology.

Each level includes all lower levelsthere are systems within systems within systems .

systems on the lower level clusters can permit the evolution, but can never determine the nature, of systems on higher-level clusters.

The evolution of physical matter-energy systems sets the stage and specifies the rules of the game for the evolution of biological species, and biological evolution sets the stage and specifies the rules of the game for the evolution of sociocultural systems.

The significant simulations occur when dynamic systems are destabilized and pass through a chaotic phase on the way toward essentially newand in practice unpredictablesteady states.

And so, they maintain, what is required is some sort of systems theory orientation, some way for us to see and feel that we are all interwoven into the single pattern and web of life.

And the empirical systems sciences or ecological sciences, even though they claim to be holistic, in fact cover exactly and only one half of the Kosmos.

I said that holistic systems theories leave out the interiority of the holons they describe.

About the really interesting and utterly unique things that make history history and not just a dissipative structure, systems science can tell us precious little.