Dominions of some Islamic leaders

Usage examples of caliphates.

It was still some days' sail away, and we had the Venetians, possibly the Turks, perhaps the Byzantines, the Italians and the Caliphates to deal with, all of whom claimed authority over these seas.

Though nominally under the authority of the Caliphates, the strongest power in the region, Las Cascadas was a law unto herself, with one easily defended harbor.

She confined her activities to those waters not claimed by the Caliphates or Empire.

The rest took longer to obtain, yet, by dint of perseverance, I gradually unravelled the tangled tale of the stormy relations between the two most powerful caliphates in all the East.

It was not until much later that I learned how the two powerful caliphates had been at each other's throats for many years - owing to differences over religious observance, mostly.