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Answer for the clue "The branch of geology that studies rocks their origin and formation and composition ", 9 letters:
petrology

Word definitions for petrology in dictionaries

Wiktionary Word definitions in Wiktionary
n. (context geology English) the study of the origin, composition and structure of rock

The Collaborative International Dictionary Word definitions in The Collaborative International Dictionary
Petrology \Pe*trol"o*gy\, n. [Petro + -logy.] The department of science which is concerned with the mineralogical and chemical composition of rocks, and with their classification: lithology. A treatise on petrology.

Wikipedia Word definitions in Wikipedia
Petrology (from the Greek πέτρος, pétros , "rock" and λόγος, lógos , "subject matter", see -logy ) is the branch of geology that studies the origin, composition, distribution and structure of rocks . Lithology was once approximately synonymous with petrography ...

WordNet Word definitions in WordNet
n. the branch of geology that studies rocks: their origin and formation and composition

Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary Word definitions in Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
1811 (erroneously as petralogy ), from petro- (1) "rock" + -ology .

Usage examples of petrology.

Steinfield persuaded the university authorities to allow selected samples from their collection to be loaned to the UNSA Mineralogy and Petrology Laboratories in Pasadena, California, for further testing of an extremely specialized nature, suitable equipment for which existed at only a few establishments in the world.

UNSA spokesman stated that data collected recently at the Lunar bases, following research at the University of Nebraska, Omaha, and the UNSA Mineralogy and Petrology Laboratories, Pasadena, California, indicate that a large-scale nuclear conflict took place on the Moon at the time the Lunarians were there.

Gitner, whose specialty was petrology, the history and classification of rocks.

He was sitting naked by the swimming pool on the roof, reading for his petrology exam, when the purple leaves at the rock entrance shook.

General Carpenter asked for one hundred and fifty billion dollars, fifteen hundred ambitious dollar-a-year men, three thousand able experts in mineralogy, petrology, mass production, chemical warfare and air-traffic time study.

Within petrology my field has been narrowed down more recently to sedimentary rocks.