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Answer for the clue "The process of turning some plant material into stone by infiltration with water carrying mineral particles without changing the original shape ", 12 letters:
petrifaction

Word definitions for petrifaction in dictionaries

The Collaborative International Dictionary Word definitions in The Collaborative International Dictionary
Petrifaction \Pet`ri*fac"tion\, n. [See Petrify .] The process of petrifying, or changing into stone; conversion of any organic matter (animal or vegetable) into stone, or a substance of stony hardness. The state or condition of being petrified. That which ...

Wikipedia Word definitions in Wikipedia
In geology , petrifaction or petrification is the process by which organic material is converted into a fossil through the replacement of the original material and the filling of the original pore spaces with minerals. Petrified wood is a common result ...

Wiktionary Word definitions in Wiktionary
n. the condition of being petrified

WordNet Word definitions in WordNet
n. the process of turning some plant material into stone by infiltration with water carrying mineral particles without changing the original shape [syn: petrification ] a rock created by petrifaction; an organic object infiltrated with mineral matter and ...

Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary Word definitions in Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
early 15c., "action or process of hardening," from petrify on model of satisfaction , etc.

Usage examples of petrifaction.

Look at those petrifactions all over it, these different substances almost turned to mineral, we might say, through the action of the salt water!

Next to outright estellation, take it all in all, petrifaction by the Gorgon's gaze in a dignified position toward the evening of an honorable reign seemed to me as near an approach to immortality as any merely mortal monarch could be blessed with.