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Answer for the clue "Calyx composed of scales or bristles or featherlike hairs in plants of the Compositae such as thistles and dandelions ", 6 letters:
pappus

Word definitions for pappus in dictionaries

Wiktionary Word definitions in Wiktionary
n. (context botany English) The markedly reduced sepals of an Asteraceae floret that take the form of trichomes or scale attached to the ovary or seed.

WordNet Word definitions in WordNet
n. calyx composed of scales or bristles or featherlike hairs in plants of the Compositae such as thistles and dandelions [also: pappi (pl)]

The Collaborative International Dictionary Word definitions in The Collaborative International Dictionary
Pappus \Pap"pus\, n. [L., an old man or grandfather; hence, a substance resembling gray hairs, Gr. ?.] (Bot.) The hairy or feathery appendage of the achenes of thistles, dandelions, and most other plants of the order Composit[ae] ; also, the scales, awns, ...

Wikipedia Word definitions in Wikipedia
The pappus is the modified calyx , the part of an individual floret, that surrounds the base of the corolla tube in flower heads of the plant family Asteraceae . The term is sometimes used in other plant families such as Asclepiadaceae (milkweeds), whose ...

Usage examples of pappus.

The executive, whom my husband had met and who had a pappus of hair sprouting from each red ear, owned a state-of-the-art boat and rod and reel, and apparently deep-sea fished without hooks.

The Goldfinch often lines her nest with the soft pappus of the Coltsfoot.

These are compact little bundles, at first of a dull yellow colour, until presently the florets fall off and leave the white woolly pappus of the seeds collected together, somewhat resembling the hoary hairs of age.

Hellenistic mathematics: Menelaus of Alexandria, Heron of Alexandria, Diophantus of Alexandria, Pappus of Alexandria and Proclus of Alexandria all built on Euclid, Archimedes, Apollonius and Ptolemy.

The corollas are pale reddish purple or fleshcoloured, bell-shaped in the male flowers, and containing abundant nectar, but only threadlike in the female flowers, which contain no nectar, and are succeeded by the white feathery pappus, which crowns the seeds.

He packed a box of Scouting books he remembered treasuring as a boy, his old stamp collection in its dog-eared albums, the telescope PAPPI had helped him assemble.