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Answer for the clue "The oxidation of ammonium compounds into nitrates by soil bacteria ", 13 letters:
nitrification

Word definitions for nitrification in dictionaries

WordNet Word definitions in WordNet
n. the chemical process in which a nitro group is added to an organic compound (or substituted for another group in an organic compound) the oxidation of ammonium compounds in dead organic material into nitrates and nitrites by soil bacteria (making nitrogen ...

Wiktionary Word definitions in Wiktionary
n. the act of nitrifying

The Collaborative International Dictionary Word definitions in The Collaborative International Dictionary
Nitrification \Ni`tri*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F. nitrification. see Nitrify .] (Chem.) The act, process, or result of combining with nitrogen or some of its compounds. The act or process of oxidizing nitrogen or its compounds so as to form nitrous or nitric ...

Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary Word definitions in Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
1827, from French nitrification (1787, de Morveau), from nitrifier (1777), from nitre (see nitre ).

Wikipedia Word definitions in Wikipedia
Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia or ammonium to nitrite followed by the oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate . The transformation of ammonia to nitrite is usually the rate limiting step of nitrification. Nitrification is an important ...

Usage examples of nitrification.

At the close of 1864 there were two million eight hundred thousand feet of earth collected, and in various stages of nitrification, of which a large proportion was presumed to yield one and a half pound of niter per foot of earth.