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Answer for the clue "An insertion into a calendar ", 13 letters:
intercalation

Word definitions for intercalation in dictionaries

WordNet Word definitions in WordNet
n. an insertion into a calendar [syn: embolism ]

Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary Word definitions in Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
1570s, from Latin intercalationem (nominative intercalatio ) "insertion of an intercalary day," noun of action from past participle stem of intercalare (see intercalate ).

The Collaborative International Dictionary Word definitions in The Collaborative International Dictionary
Intercalation \In*ter`ca*la"tion\, n. [L. intercalatio: cf. F. intercalation.] (Chron.) The insertion of a day, or other portion of time, in a calendar. The insertion or introduction of anything among others, as the insertion of a phrase, line, or verse ...

Wikipedia Word definitions in Wikipedia
Intercalation , in the context of university administration , is a period when a student is officially suspended from studying for an academic degree . When a university or similar institution allows a student to intercalate, it is usually for one of the ...

Wiktionary Word definitions in Wiktionary
n. 1 A period inserted into a calendar as in a leap year. 2 (context chemistry English) The reversible insertion of a molecule between two others. 3 (context geology English) A layer introduced into a pre-existing sequence.

Usage examples of intercalation.

According to the Gregorian rule of intercalation, therefore, every year of which the number is divisible by four without a remainder is a leap year, excepting the centurial years, which are only leap years when divisible by four after omitting the two ciphers.

Julian year was corrected in the Gregorian calendar by the suppression of three intercalations in 400 years.

In the Protestant states of Germany the Julian calendar was adhered to till the year 1700, when it was decreed by the diet of Regensburg that the new style and the Gregorian correction of the intercalation should be adopted.

Julian intercalation was now found to amount to three days in 400 years, he ordered the intercalations to be omitted on all the centenary years excepting those which are multiples of 400.

Most societies introduced extra months at certain times to overcome the discrepancy between the lunar and the solar year, but though such procedures often redressed the situation on a temporary basis, other intercalations, as they are called, were eventually needed.