What is "vostok"

Vostok (, , Orient or East) may refer to:

The Vostok (, translated as East) was a type of spacecraft built by the Soviet Union. The first human spaceflight in history was accomplished on this spacecraft on April 12, 1961, by Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin.

The spacecraft was part of the Vostok programme in which six manned spaceflights were made from 1961–63. Two further manned space flights were made in 1964 and 1965 by Voskhod spacecraft, which were modified Vostok spacecraft. By the late 1960s both were superseded by the Soyuz spacecraft, which are still used .

Vostok (Russian Восток, translated as "East") was a family of rockets derived from the Soviet R-7 Semyorka ICBM designed for the human spaceflight programme. This family of rockets launched the first artificial satellite ( Sputnik 1) and the first manned spacecraft ( Vostok) in human history. It was a subset of the R-7 family of rockets.

On March 18, 1980 a Vostok-2M rocket exploded on its launch pad at Plesetsk during a fueling operation, killing 48 people. An investigation into a similarbut avoidedaccident revealed that the substitution of lead-based for tin-based solder in hydrogen peroxide filters allowed the breakdown of the HO, thus causing the resultant explosion.

Vostok is a crater lying situated within the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle (MC-19) region of the planet Mars that was reached by the rover Opportunity on sol 399 (March 8, 2005). Vostok is located roughly 1200 meters south of Endurance in Meridiani Planum. The crater appears to have been covered up with sand by the winds on the red planet, but many rock outcrops are still visible from the surface.

The rover's Mini-TES instrument was malfunctioning when it was near Vostok, however, the issues soon disappeared.

Other smaller craters visited along the way included Argo, Jason, and Alvin just south of the heat shield, and Naturaliste, Géographe, and Investigator.

While at Vostok, Opportunity investigated a rock dubbed "Gagarin", named for cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. It also imaged a soil sample named " Laika". The rover left on Sol 404, and headed south towards Erebus - an eroded crater wider than Endurance, some "etched terrain" and an even larger crater, the 750-meter wide Victoria.

Vostok is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

• Vostok, Primorsky Krai, an urban-type settlement in Krasnoarmeysky District of Primorsky Krai

• Vostok, Astrakhan Oblast, a selo in Vostochinsky Selsoviet of Yenotayevsky District of Astrakhan Oblast
• Vostok, Ilishevsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Kuzhbakhtinsky Selsoviet of Ilishevsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan
• Vostok, Ishimbaysky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Isheyevsky Selsoviet of Ishimbaysky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan
• Vostok, Kaluga Oblast, a selo in Baryatinsky District of Kaluga Oblast
• Vostok, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, a khutor in Karachayevsky District of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic
• Vostok, Kirov Oblast, a settlement in Zaytsevsky Rural Okrug of Kotelnichsky District of Kirov Oblast
• Vostok, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a settlement in Pokrovsky Selsoviet of Abansky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai
• Vostok, Lipetsk Oblast, a settlement in Bigildinsky Selsoviet of Dankovsky District of Lipetsk Oblast
• Vostok, Sakhalin Oblast, a selo in Poronaysky District of Sakhalin Oblast
• Vostok, Samara Oblast, a railway crossing loop in Bezenchuksky District of Samara Oblast
• Vostok, Saratov Oblast, a settlement in Marksovsky District of Saratov Oblast
• Vostok, Tomsk Oblast, a settlement in Kargasoksky District of Tomsk Oblast
• Vostok, Tver Oblast, a settlement in Slavnovskoye Rural Settlement of Kalininsky District of Tver Oblast
• Vostok, Tyumen Oblast, a settlement in Leninsky Rural Okrug of Abatsky District of Tyumen Oblast
• Vostok, Udmurt Republic, a pochinok in Byginsky Selsoviet of Sharkansky District of the Udmurt Republic