What is "vertebrates"

Usage examples of "vertebrates".

Nonetheless, despite these radical changes in design, the basic cellular organization of the nervous system, with its neurons, synapses and ensembles of interconnecting cells, is the same for vertebrates as for invertebrates, as is much of their biochemistry.

Whether despite this revolution in design the cellular mechanisms required for learning and memory in invertebrates are similar to or radically different from those in vertebrates is an issue which is still unresolved in research terms, and one which will occupy some of the discussion of the following chapter.

Aplysia may be a special case because it is easy to study, but it would be straining credulity to believe that it organized its learning behaviour along fundamentally different principles from those of other invertebrates, or indeed vertebrates with reasonably sized nervous systems.

Charles Darwin talks about reaches to vertebrates clad in crinoline, as well as to mollusks in shells, or articulates in jointed scales, or anything that fights for breathing-room and food and love in any coat of fur or feather!

Are there universal cellular memory mechanisms found in all mammals, all vertebrates or even all animals, or are they specific to particular species?

Both in their increasing ratio of brain to body mass and in the development of coordinating centers in the three principal components of their brains, sharks have evolved in a manner curiously parallel to the evolution of higher vertebrates on the land.

All vertebrates share a common pattern of basic architecture, which has remained unchanged over millions of years despite the superficial, specialized adaptations that on first consideration might seem to divide the countless species we see around us.

We observe head, thorax and abdomen as common traits throughout all vertebrates and something akin to it in most invertebrates, too.