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Verethragna

Verethragna () is an Avestan language neuter noun literally meaning "smiting of resistance" (Gnoli, 1989:510; Boyce 1975:63). Representing this concept is the divinity Verethragna, who is the hypostasis of "victory", and "as a giver of victory Verethragna plainly enjoyed the greatest popularity of old" (Boyce, 1975:63).

The neuter noun verethragna is related to Avestan verethra, 'obstacle' and verethragnan, 'victorious'. (Gnoli, 1989:510) In Zoroastrian Middle Persian, Verethragna became Warahran, from which Vahram, Vehram, Bahram, Behram and other variants derive. The once-followed theory that Verethragna had Indo-Iranian origins is no longer followed today (see In Avestan scholarship for details).

The name and, to some extent, the deity has correspondences in Armenian Vahagn and Vram , Buddhist Sogdian Wshn , Manichaen Parthian Wryhrm , Kushan Bactrian Orlagno . While the figure of Verethragna is highly complex, parallels have also been drawn between it and (variously) Vedic Indra , Puranic Vishnu , Manichaean Adamas , Chaldean/Babylonian Nergal , Egyptian Horus , Hellenic Ares and Heracles .