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The Collaborative International Dictionary
Universality

Universality \U`ni*ver*sal"i*ty\, n.; pl. Universalties. [Cf. F. universalit['e].] The quality or state of being universal; unlimited extension or application; generality; -- distinguished from particularity; as, the unversality of a proposition; the unversality of sin; the unversality of the Deluge.

Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
universality

late 14c., from Old French universelite (14c.) or directly from Late Latin universalitas, from Latin universalis "universal" (see universal).

Wiktionary
universality

n. the property of being universal, common to all members of a class

WordNet
universality

n. the quality of being universal; existing everywhere [syn: catholicity]

Wikipedia
Universality

Universality may refer to:

  • Universality (dynamical systems)
  • Universality (philosophy), meaning presence in all places and all times

' Universality principle' may refer to:

  • In statistics, universality principle, a property of systems that can be modeled by random matrices
  • In law, as a synonym for Universal jurisdiction
  • In moral philosophy, the first formulation of Kant's Categorical imperative.

Universality may also refer to several concepts that are also known as "universality"

  • Background independence, a concept of universality in physical science
  • Turing-complete, a concept of universality in computation
  • Universal property, a mathematical concept
  • Universal jurisdiction, in international law
Universality (dynamical systems)

In statistical mechanics, universality is the observation that there are properties for a large class of systems that are independent of the dynamical details of the system. Systems display universality in a scaling limit, when a large number of interacting parts come together. The modern meaning of the term was introduced by Leo Kadanoff in the 1960s, but a simpler version of the concept was already implicit in the van der Waals equation and in the earlier Landau theory of phase transitions, which did not incorporate scaling correctly.

The term is slowly gaining a broader usage in several fields of mathematics, including combinatorics and probability theory, whenever the quantitative features of a structure (such as asymptotic behaviour) can be deduced from a few global parameters appearing in the definition, without requiring knowledge of the details of the system.

The renormalization group explains universality. It classifies operators in a statistical field theory into relevant and irrelevant. Relevant operators are those responsible for perturbations to the free energy, the imaginary time Lagrangian, that will affect the continuum limit, and can be seen at long distances. Irrelevant operators are those that only change the short-distance details. The collection of scale-invariant statistical theories define the universality classes, and the finite-dimensional list of coefficients of relevant operators parametrize the near-critical behavior.

Universality (philosophy)

In philosophy, universality is the notion that universal facts can be discovered and is therefore understood as being in opposition to relativism.

In certain religions, universalism is the quality ascribed to an entity whose existence is consistent throughout the universe. This article also discusses Kantian and Platonist notions of " universal", which are considered by many to be separate notions.

Usage examples of "universality".

The pathway that has led from the demonstration of the immunological nature of the homograft reaction and its universality to the development of relatively effective but by no means completely satisfactory means of overcoming it for therapeutic purposes is an interesting one that can only be touched upon very briefly.

But though her instinctive belief in the universality of melody and harmony had convinced her that a devout witch could find a place in a program that used as its source material the monodic compositions of the Catholic Church, she simply could not see herself singing the praises of a God whose Church had, in the course of three or four centuries, overseen the slaughter of nine million of her kind.

Modern European sovereignty is capitalist sovereignty, a form of command that overdetermines the relationship between individuality and universality as a function of the development of capital.

The Intellect subsisting in the totality is a provider for the particular intellects, is the potentiality of them: it involves them as members of its universality, while they in turn involve the universal Intellect in their particularity, just as the particular science involves science the total.

The true end of morality is life, the sum of moral laws being identical with the sum of the conditions in accordance with which the fruition of the functions of life can be secured with nearest approach to perfectness, perpetuity, and universality.

Faith, should be ignored, which its potential enemies, whether ecclesiastical or otherwise, may offer, to set forth, in a restrained and unprovocative language, its aims and tenets, to defend its interests, to proclaim its universality, to assert the supernatural, the supra-national and non-political character of its institutions, and its acceptance of the divine origin of the Faiths which have preceded it.

Every juridical system is in some way a crystallization of a specific set of values, because ethics is part of the materiality of every juridical foundation, but Empire-and in particular the Roman tradition of imperial right-is peculiar in that it pushes the coincidence and universality of the ethical and the juridical to the extreme: in Empire there is peace, in Empire there is the guarantee of justice for all peoples.

Faith, should be ignored, which its potential enemies, whether ecclesiastical or otherwise, may offer, to set forth, in a restrained and unprovocative language, its aims and tenets, to defend its interests, to proclaim its universality, to assert the supernatural, the supra-national and non-political character of its institutions, and its acceptance of the divine origin of the Faiths which have preceded it.

These two forms of fracture give rise to two series of endeavours which a certain striving towards universality would seem to categorize as echoes of the Cartesian or Leibnizian undertakings.

One of the first things which strikes the visitor to this country is the universality of the slipper as foot-gear, at least, so far as the Moors are concerned.

Zealot droned on within me, identifying coincidences as correlations, arguing that common elements in extra and intraterrestrial religions proved the universality of his Faith.

Such principles cannot be derived from experience, because experience could not impart to them absolute universality nor apodictic certainty.

What scientists wanted to see was physical problems, described by good old differential equations, that also displayed bifurcations, and universality, and chaotic behavior.

And so in a language that would soon become quite typical (and is by now almost comical), Bataille goes on to point out that "putting everything into question" counters the human need to violently arrange things in terms of a pat wholeness and smug universality: "With extreme dread imperatively becoming the demand for universality, carried away to vertigo by the movement that composes it, the ipse being that presents itself as a universal is only a challenge to the diffuse immensity that escapes its precarious violence, the tragic negation of all that is not its own bewildered phantom's chance.

Necessity, therefore, and strict universality are safe criteria of knowledge a priori, and are inseparable one from the other.