Wiktionary
n. The ability to trace (identify and measure) all the stages that led to a particular point in a process that consists of a chain of interrelated events
Wikipedia
Traceability is the ability to verify the history, location, or application of an item by means of documented recorded identification.
Other common definitions include the capability (and implementation) of keeping track of a given set or type of information to a given degree, or the ability to chronologically interrelate uniquely identifiable entities in a way that is verifiable.
Usage examples of "traceability".
And because of the limited opportunities to test, traceability was essential: the ability to trace the life history of the humblest component right back to the ore from which it was smelted, to aid analysis in case of a failure.