What is "to set by"

Set \Set\ (s[e^]t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Set; p. pr. & vb. n. Setting.] [OE. setten, AS. setton; akin to OS. settian, OFries. setta, D. zetten, OHG. sezzen, G. setzen, Icel. setja, Sw. s["a]tta, Dan. s?tte, Goth. satjan; causative from the root of E. sit. [root]154. See Sit, and cf. Seize.]

1. To cause to sit; to make to assume a specified position or attitude; to give site or place to; to place; to put; to fix; as, to set a house on a stone foundation; to set a book on a shelf; to set a dish on a table; to set a chest or trunk on its bottom or on end.

   I do set my bow in the cloud.
   --Gen. ix. 13.

2. Hence, to attach or affix (something) to something else, or in or upon a certain place.

   Set your affection on things above.
   --Col. iii. 2.

   The Lord set a mark upon Cain.
   --Gen. iv. 15.

3. To make to assume specified place, condition, or occupation; to put in a certain condition or state (described by the accompanying words); to cause to be.

   The Lord thy God will set thee on high.
   --Deut. xxviii. 1.

   I am come to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter against her mother.
   --Matt. x. 35.

   Every incident sets him thinking.
   --Coleridge.

4. To fix firmly; to make fast, permanent, or stable; to render motionless; to give an unchanging place, form, or condition to. Specifically:

   1. To cause to stop or stick; to obstruct; to fasten to a spot; hence, to occasion difficulty to; to embarrass; as, to set a coach in the mud.

      They show how hard they are set in this particular.
      --Addison.

   2. To fix beforehand; to determine; hence, to make unyielding or obstinate; to render stiff, unpliant, or rigid; as, to set one's countenance.

      His eyes were set by reason of his age.
      --1 Kings xiv. 4.

      On these three objects his heart was set.
      --Macaulay.

      Make my heart as a millstone, set my face as a flint.
      --Tennyson.

   3. To fix in the ground, as a post or a tree; to plant; as, to set pear trees in an orchard.

   4. To fix, as a precious stone, in a border of metal; to place in a setting; hence, to place in or amid something which serves as a setting; as, to set glass in a sash.

      And him too rich a jewel to be set In vulgar metal for a vulgar use.
      --Dryden.

   5. To render stiff or solid; especially, to convert into curd; to curdle; as, to set milk for cheese.

5. To put into a desired position or condition; to adjust; to regulate; to adapt. Specifically:

   1. To put in order in a particular manner; to prepare; as, to set (that is, to hone) a razor; to set a saw.

      Tables for to sette, and beddes make.
      --Chaucer.

   2. To extend and bring into position; to spread; as, to set the sails of a ship.

   3. To give a pitch to, as a tune; to start by fixing the keynote; as, to set a psalm.
      --Fielding.

   4. To reduce from a dislocated or fractured state; to replace; as, to set a broken bone.

   5. To make to agree with some standard; as, to set a watch or a clock.

   6. (Masonry) To lower into place and fix solidly, as the blocks of cut stone in a structure.

6. To stake at play; to wager; to risk.

   I have set my life upon a cast, And I will stand the hazard of the die.
   --Shak.

7. To fit with music; to adapt, as words to notes; to prepare for singing.

   Set thy own songs, and sing them to thy lute.
   --Dryden.

8. To determine; to appoint; to assign; to fix; as, to set a time for a meeting; to set a price on a horse.

9. To adorn with something infixed or affixed; to stud; to variegate with objects placed here and there.

   High on their heads, with jewels richly set, Each lady wore a radiant coronet.
   --Dryden.

   Pastoral dales thin set with modern farms.
   --Wordsworth.

10. To value; to rate; -- with at.

    Be you contented, wearing now the garland, To have a son set your decrees at naught.
    --Shak.

    I do not set my life at a pin's fee.
    --Shak.

11. To point out the seat or position of, as birds, or other game; -- said of hunting dogs.

12. To establish as a rule; to furnish; to prescribe; to assign; as, to set an example; to set lessons to be learned.

13. To suit; to become; as, it sets him ill. [Scot.]

14. (Print.) To compose; to arrange in words, lines, etc.; as, to set type; to set a page. To set abroach. See Abroach. [Obs.] --Shak. To set against, to oppose; to set in comparison with, or to oppose to, as an equivalent in exchange; as, to set one thing against another. To set agoing, to cause to move. To set apart, to separate to a particular use; to separate from the rest; to reserve. To set a saw, to bend each tooth a little, every alternate one being bent to one side, and the intermediate ones to the other side, so that the opening made by the saw may be a little wider than the thickness of the back, to prevent the saw from sticking. To set aside.

    1. To leave out of account; to pass by; to omit; to neglect; to reject; to annul.

       Setting aside all other considerations, I will endeavor to know the truth, and yield to that.
       --Tillotson.

    2. To set apart; to reserve; as, to set aside part of one's income.

    3. (Law) See under Aside. To set at defiance, to defy. To set at ease, to quiet; to tranquilize; as, to set the heart at ease. To set at naught, to undervalue; to contemn; to despise. ``Ye have set at naught all my counsel.'' --Prov. i. 25. To set a trap To set a snare, or To set a gin, to put it in a proper condition or position to catch prey; hence, to lay a plan to deceive and draw another into one's power. To set at work, or To set to work.

       1. To cause to enter on work or action, or to direct how tu enter on work.

       2. To apply one's self; -- used reflexively. To set before.

          1. To bring out to view before; to exhibit.

          2. To propose for choice to; to offer to. To set by.

             1. To set apart or on one side; to reject.

             2. To attach the value of (anything) to. ``I set not a straw by thy dreamings.'' --Chaucer. To set by the compass, to observe and note the bearing or situation of by the compass. To set case, to suppose; to assume. Cf. Put case, under Put, v. t. [Obs.] --Chaucer. To set down.

                1. To enter in writing; to register.

                   Some rules were to be set down for the government of the army.
                   --Clarendon.

                2. To fix; to establish; to ordain.

                   This law we may name eternal, being that order which God . . . hath set down with himself, for himself to do all things by.
                   --Hooker.

       3. To humiliate. To set eyes on, to see; to behold; to fasten the eyes on. To set fire to, or To set on fire, to communicate fire to; fig., to inflame; to enkindle the passions of; to irritate. To set flying (Naut.), to hook to halyards, sheets, etc., instead of extending with rings or the like on a stay; -- said of a sail. To set forth.

          1. To manifest; to offer or present to view; to exhibt; to display.

          2. To publish; to promulgate; to make appear.
             --Waller.

          3. To send out; to prepare and send. [Obs.] The Venetian admiral had a fleet of sixty galleys, set forth by the Venetians. --Knolles. To set forward.

             1. To cause to advance.

             2. To promote. To set free, to release from confinement, imprisonment, or bondage; to liberate; to emancipate. To set in, to put in the way; to begin; to give a start to. If you please to assist and set me in, I will recollect myself. --Collier. To set in order, to adjust or arrange; to reduce to method. ``The rest will I set in order when I come.'' --1 Cor. xi. 34. To set milk.

                1. To expose it in open dishes in order that the cream may rise to the surface.

                2. To cause it to become curdled as by the action of rennet. See 4 (e) . To set much by or To set little by, to care much, or little, for. To set of, to value; to set by. [Obs.] ``I set not an haw of his proverbs.'' --Chaucer. To set off.

                   1. To separate from a whole; to assign to a particular purpose; to portion off; as, to set off a portion of an estate.

                   2. To adorn; to decorate; to embellish.

                      They . . . set off the worst faces with the best airs.
                      --Addison.

             3. To give a flattering description of. To set off against, to place against as an equivalent; as, to set off one man's services against another's. To set on or To set upon.

                1. To incite; to instigate. ``Thou, traitor, hast set on thy wife to this.''
                   --Shak.

                2. To employ, as in a task. `` Set on thy wife to observe.''
                   --Shak.

                3. To fix upon; to attach strongly to; as, to set one's heart or affections on some object. See definition 2, above. To set one's cap for. See under Cap, n. To set one's self against, to place one's self in a state of enmity or opposition to. To set one's teeth, to press them together tightly. To set on foot, to set going; to put in motion; to start. To set out.

                   1. To assign; to allot; to mark off; to limit; as, to set out the share of each proprietor or heir of an estate; to set out the widow's thirds.

                   2. To publish, as a proclamation. [Obs.]

                   3. To adorn; to embellish.

                      An ugly woman, in rich habit set out with jewels, nothing can become.
                      --Dryden.

    4. To raise, equip, and send forth; to furnish. [R.]

       The Venetians pretend they could set out, in case of great necessity, thirty men-of-war.
       --Addison.

    5. To show; to display; to recommend; to set off.

       I could set out that best side of Luther.
       --Atterbury.

    6. To show; to prove. [R.] ``Those very reasons set out how heinous his sin was.''
       --Atterbury.

    7. (Law) To recite; to state at large. To set over.

       1. To appoint or constitute as supervisor, inspector, ruler, or commander.

       2. To assign; to transfer; to convey. To set right, to correct; to put in order. To set sail. (Naut.) See under Sail, n. To set store by, to consider valuable. To set the fashion, to determine what shall be the fashion; to establish the mode. To set the teeth on edge, to affect the teeth with a disagreeable sensation, as when acids are brought in contact with them. To set the watch (Naut.), to place the starboard or port watch on duty. To set to, to attach to; to affix to. ``He . . . hath set to his seal that God is true.'' --John iii. 33. To set up.

          1. To erect; to raise; to elevate; as, to set up a building, or a machine; to set up a post, a wall, a pillar.

          2. Hence, to exalt; to put in power. ``I will . . . set up the throne of David over Israel.''
             --2 Sam. iii. 10.

       3. To begin, as a new institution; to institute; to establish; to found; as, to set up a manufactory; to set up a school.

       4. To enable to commence a new business; as, to set up a son in trade.

       5. To place in view; as, to set up a mark.

       6. To raise; to utter loudly; as, to set up the voice.

          I'll set up such a note as she shall hear.
          --Dryden.

       7. To advance; to propose as truth or for reception; as, to set up a new opinion or doctrine.
          --T. Burnet.

    8. To raise from depression, or to a sufficient fortune; as, this good fortune quite set him up.

    9. To intoxicate. [Slang]

    10. (Print.) To put in type; as, to set up copy; to arrange in words, lines, etc., ready for printing; as, to set up type.

        To set up the rigging (Naut.), to make it taut by means of tackles.
        --R. H. Dana, Jr.

        Syn: See Put.

By \By\ (b[imac]), prep. [OE. bi, AS. b[=i], big, near to, by, of, from, after, according to; akin to OS. & OFries. bi, be, D. bij, OHG. b[=i], G. bei, Goth. bi, and perh. Gr. 'amfi`. E. prefix be- is orig. the same word. [root]203. See pref. Be-.]

1. In the neighborhood of; near or next to; not far from; close to; along with; as, come and sit by me.

   By foundation or by shady rivulet He sought them both.
   --Milton.

2. On; along; in traversing. Compare 5.

   Long labors both by sea and land he bore.
   --Dryden.

   By land, by water, they renew the charge.
   --Pope.

3. Near to, while passing; hence, from one to the other side of; past; as, to go by a church.

4. Used in specifying adjacent dimensions; as, a cabin twenty feet by forty.

5. Against. [Obs.]
   --Tyndale [1. Cor. iv. 4].

6. With, as means, way, process, etc.; through means of; with aid of; through; through the act or agency of; as, a city is destroyed by fire; profit is made by commerce; to take by force. Note: To the meaning of by, as denoting means or agency, belong, more or less closely, most of the following uses of the word:

   1. It points out the author and producer; as, ``Waverley'', a novel by Sir W.Scott; a statue by Canova; a sonata by Beethoven.

   2. In an oath or adjuration, it indicates the being or thing appealed to as sanction; as, I affirm to you by all that is sacred; he swears by his faith as a Christian; no, by Heaven.

   3. According to; by direction, authority, or example of; after; -- in such phrases as, it appears by his account; ten o'clock by my watch; to live by rule; a model to build by.

   4. At the rate of; according to the ratio or proportion of; in the measure or quantity of; as, to sell cloth by the yard, milk by the quart, eggs by the dozen, meat by the pound; to board by the year.

   5. In comparison, it denotes the measure of excess or deficiency; when anything is increased or diminished, it indicates the measure of increase or diminution; as, larger by a half; older by five years; to lessen by a third.

   6. It expresses continuance or duration; during the course of; within the period of; as, by day, by night.

   7. As soon as; not later than; near or at; -- used in expressions of time; as, by this time the sun had risen; he will be here by two o'clock. Note: In boxing the compass, by indicates a pint nearer to, or towards, the next cardinal point; as, north by east, i.e., a point towards the east from the north; northeast by east, i.e., on point nearer the east than northeast is. Note: With is used instead of by before the instrument with which anything is done; as, to beat one with a stick; the board was fastened by the carpenter with nails. But there are many words which may be regarded as means or processes, or, figuratively, as instruments; and whether with or by shall be used with them is a matter of arbitrary, and often, of unsettled usage; as, to a reduce a town by famine; to consume stubble with fire; he gained his purpose by flattery; he entertained them with a story; he distressed us with or by a recital of his sufferings. see With. By all means, most assuredly; without fail; certainly. By and by.

      1. Close together (of place). [Obs.] ``Two yonge knightes liggyng [lying] by and by.''
         --Chaucer.

      2. Immediately; at once. [Obs.] ``When . . . persecution ariseth because of the word, by and by he is offended.''
         --Matt. xiii. 21.

      3. Presently; pretty soon; before long.

         Note: In this phrase, by seems to be used in the sense of nearness in time, and to be repeated for the sake of emphasis, and thus to be equivalent to ``soon, and soon,'' that is instantly; hence, -- less emphatically, -- pretty soon, presently.

         By one's self, with only one's self near; alone; solitary.

         By the bye. See under Bye.

         By the head (Naut.), having the bows lower than the stern; -- said of a vessel when her head is lower in the water than her stern. If her stern is lower, she is by the stern.

         By the lee, the situation of a vessel, going free, when she has fallen off so much as to bring the wind round her stern, and to take her sails aback on the other side.

         By the run, to let go by the run, to let go altogether, instead of slacking off.

         By the way, by the bye; -- used to introduce an incidental or secondary remark or subject.

         Day by day, One by one, Piece by piece, etc., each day, each one, each piece, etc., by itself singly or separately; each severally.

         To come by, to get possession of; to obtain.

         To do by, to treat, to behave toward.

         To set by, to value, to esteem.

         To stand by, to aid, to support.

         Note: The common phrase good-by is equivalent to farewell, and would be better written good-bye, as it is a corruption of God be with you (b'w'ye).