What is "superstate"

n. A state formed by the union of multiple lesser states.

A superstate is defined as "a large and powerful State formed when several smaller countries unite", "A large and powerful state formed from a federation or union of nations". This is distinct from the concept of superpower, although these are frequently seen together. It is also distinct from the concept of empire, where one nation dominates other nations through military, political, and economic power, although an empire may also be a superstate.

In the early 20th century, "superstate" had a similar definition as today's supranational organisations. In a 1927 article by Edward A. Harriman on the League of Nations, a superstate was defined as merely "an organisation, of which a state is a member, which is superior to the member themselves", in that "[a] complete superstate has legislative, executive and judicial organs to make, to execute and to interpret its laws". According to this definition, Harriman saw the League of Nations as a "rudimentary superstate", and the United States as "an example of a complete and perfect superstate".

In the 1970s, academic literature used the term "superstate" to indicate a particularly rich and powerful state, in a similar fashion to the term superpower.

In contemporary political debate, especially the one centred on the European Union, the term "superstate" is used to indicate a (usually deemed unwelcome) development in which the Union takes over the character of a State (including the monopoly on violence) thus abolishing the sovereignty and independence of its member states. For instance, Glyn Morgan opposes the perspective of a "European superstate" to the ones of "a Europe of nation-states" and of "a post-sovereign European polity". In her definition, a "European superstate is nothing more than a sovereign state - a tried and tested type of polity that predominates in the modern world - operating on a European wide scale", i.e., "a unitary European state"

The term was famously used by Margaret Thatcher in her 1988 Bruges speech, when she decried the perspective of "a European super-state exercising a new dominance from Brussels", and has since entered the eurosceptic lexicon. Tony Blair argued in 2000 that he welcomed an EU as a "superpower, not a superstate" <!-- All these lack references -- Another examples of superstate include :

• The British Empire came close to becoming a superstate in the late 19th century when there was an attempt to re-organize both dominions and colonies into a single body as an Imperial Federation.
• The European Union, as argued by many Eurosceptics, is a current example of an emerging superstate.
• The Soviet Union, though being constitutionally defined as a union of republics, was de facto a superstate due to a major cultural and linguistic diversity between its inhabited ethnicities and they never really identified themselves as the single Soviet nation despite the official doctrine.
• Yugoslavia before its breakup at the end of the Cold War.