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spinoza
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Spinoza may refer to the philosopher Baruch Spinoza, or several things named after him:
- 7142 Spinoza, a main-belt asteroid
- Philosophy of Spinoza, an overview of Spinoza's rationalist philosophy.
- Spinoza (beetle), a checkered beetle genus
- Spinoza: Practical Philosophy, a 1970 philosophical booklet
- Spinoza Prize (Spinozapremie), the highest scientific award in the Netherlands.
Spinoza (1951; second edition 1962; third edition 1987) is a book about Baruch Spinoza by the English philosopher Stuart Hampshire. The work includes a foreword by philosopher A. J. Ayer, while a new introduction was added to the 1987 edition. Spinoza has become a classic work about Spinoza and has received praise from philosophers. In 2005, Spinoza, along with Hampshire's other writings on the philosopher, was incorporated into a single volume, published as Spinoza and Spinozism.
Usage examples of "spinoza".
These two "apparent absolutes," as he calls them, are synthesized in the third great movement of Spirit, which is the transcendence of both Nature and Mind and thus their radical synthesis or union "in which these two absolutenesses (absolute objectivity and absolute subjectivity) are again one absoluteness," as he puts it (with Fichte and Spinoza in mind).
And holding up Spinoza as someone who equated Nature and nature, twisting him for such use, is suspicious to say the least.
He noted that Descartes considered the passions to be excitations of the soul caused by the movement of ‘animal spirits', and that Spinoza, in laying down the foundation stones of his quasi-Euclidean system of ethics, accepted it as axiomatic that human freedom was based in the rational power of the intellect, while the opposing power of the emotions must be reckoned a burdensome kind of servitude.
As Karl Jaspers points out, according to Spinoza "it is a mark of the radical difference between God and the world that of God's infinitely many attributes only two are available to us.