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SMAD

SMAD may refer to:

  • Soviet Military Administration in Germany, government of the Soviet occupation zone of Germany from May 1945 to October 1949
  • SMAD (protein), proteins involved in cell signaling
    • I-SMAD, inhibitory SMAD proteins
    • R-SMAD, receptor regulated SMAD proteins
SMAD (protein)

SMADs are intracellular proteins that transduce extracellular signals from transforming growth factor beta ligands to the nucleus where they activate downstream gene transcription.

The SMADs, which form a trimer of two receptor-regulated SMADs and one co-SMAD, act as transcription factors that regulate the expression of certain genes.