Crossword clues for roughness
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Roughness \Rough"ness\, n. The quality or state of being rough.
Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
late 14c., from rough (adj.) + -ness.
Wiktionary
n. The property of being rough, coarseness.
WordNet
n. a texture that is not smooth but is irregular and uneven [ant: smoothness]
harsh or rough to the ear [syn: harshness]
an unpolished unrefined quality; "the crudeness of frontier dwellings depressed her" [syn: crudeness]
used of the sea [syn: choppiness, rough water]
rowdy behavior [syn: rowdiness, rowdyism, disorderliness]
the formation of small pits in a surface as a consequence of corrosion [syn: pitting, indentation]
Wikipedia
Roughness is studied by examining how textures are perceived and encoded by an individual's somatosensory system. In an experiment to measure and compare the roughness of different sounds, listeners are presented with different sounds and asked to rate their roughness, for example on a rating scale. Recent research has displayed that there are two different codes, at least, for roughness: a vibrotactile code used for fine surfaces, and a spatial code used for coarse to medium surfaces.
According to psychophysical theory, the roughness of a complex sound (a sound comprising many partials or pure tone components) depends on the distance between the partials measured in critical bandwidths. Any simultaneous pair of partials of about the same amplitude that is less than a critical bandwidth apart produces roughness associated with the inability of the basilar membrane to separate them clearly.
Roughness is physiologically determined and therefore universal, but it is appraised differently in different musical styles. Some musical styles deliberately create large amounts of roughness for aesthetic effect (for example some polyphonic styles in the Balkans in which singers favor simultaneous second intervals) while others try to avoid roughness as much as possible or treat rough sounds in special ways (for example most tonal western music).
In terms of psychophysics, several studies have been done involving a person’s ability to detect the differences between the weight and roughness of objects. A syndrome called Verger-Dejerine syndrome has been known to affect these somatosensory abilities. Patients with this somatosensory cortical loss syndrome commonly display damage to their parietal lobe and it was eventually concluded that it may be that the brain has some form of an asymmetrical organization, as performance in a normal subject shows oblique differences depending on their hand use. However, these patients still exhibit normal or minimally reduced peripheral sensitivity to cold, heat, pain, touch and deep pressure.
Roughness perception is one of the multidimensional scaling of texture perception, which is the judgment of the substance and quality of an object. The studies of roughness perception demonstrate that it is unidimensional, it depends on element height, diameter, shape, compliance, and density; and that the relationship between roughness perception and the physical properties of a surface is complex and nonlinear. Also, there were early observations stated that scanning velocity and contact force between the finger and a surface have minor or no effect on roughness magnitude judgments. The physical determinants of roughness perception are complex, but the evidence is that the neural mechanisms are simple. Furthermore, research performed at the University of North Carolina revealed that scanning velocity did not have an effect on relative roughness because the roughness for all surfaces increase by the same amount as scanning velocity increases in accordance with Weber's Law.
Roughness may refer to:
- Surface roughness, the roughness of a surface
- International Roughness Index, the roughness of a road
- Hydraulic roughness, the roughness of land and waterway features
- Roughness in psychoacoustics refers to the level of dissonance.
- The 'roughness' of a line or surface, measured numerically by the Hausdorff dimension
- A typical parameter that has been used to quantify the quality of a surface topography is the surface roughness, which is represented by the arithmetic mean value, Ra, the quadratic mean, Rq, and the maximum roughness height, Rt.
- Roughness/resel, the resel/roughness of an image/volume.
Usage examples of "roughness".
At first their manners, gentle and pliable, contrast pleasantly with the roughness of the half-breds, Huwaytat and Maknawi, who have many of the demerits of the Fellah, without acquiring the merits of the Bedawi.
They held palm against palm with Milice and Mi, touched foreheads for a long moment until the newcomers had taken up the chant without break or roughness.
It is made artificially from high wines by the addition of oil of Cognac, to give it flavor, burnt sugar to give it color, and logwood or catechu, to impart astringency and roughness of taste.
Marcus had never looked more virile, the roughness of his edges unblunted by any social veneer.
Hamlet has his great confrontation with his mother, and treats her to a most unfilial roughness of tongue.
For five days we continued to drift to the northwest, in no danger of starvation, owing to our lading of provisions, but constrained to unintermitting watch and ward by the roughness of the weather.
Nothing can be more touching, than to behold a soft and tender female, who had been all weakness and dependence, and alive to every trivial roughness, while threading the prosperous paths of life, suddenly rising in mental force to be the comforter and support of her husband under misfortune, and abiding with unshrinking firmness the bitterest blasts of adversity.
From Boran, they received whatever he was in the mood to give them, usually roughness and insults, if nothing worse.
Fortune, who dearly loves such tricks, was having a little sport with them both, and Fortune may show a Chaucerian roughness when she cracks jokes.
He slid his hands downward slowly, reveling in her softness, conscious of their roughness, the rasp of his calluses on her un flawed nakedness.
But Lopez struck it up, not violently, so as to hurt her, but still with eager roughness.
And finally there is the matter of style, the requirement that the style employed -- the force, roughness, of refinement of the brushstrokes, etc.
Absently, Calum stroked a thumb over the signet he wore, feeling the sharp roughness of the family crest engraved in the cabochon ruby.
Constant contests with them increased that roughness which now makes him the terror of his subordinates and alienates all affection.
The problem of what Hamlet did with Polonius, said Brocky, had been neglected because so many other matters of greater immediate interest were raised by the famous scene (Act Three, scene four) where Hamlet has his great confrontation with his mother, and treats her to a most unfilial roughness of tongue.