Crossword clues for reductions
reductions
Wiktionary
n. (plural of reduction English)
Wikipedia
Reductions or reducciones (Spanish for "congregations") (Portuguese: redução, plural reduções) were settlements created by Spanish rulers in Latin America. The Spanish relocated Native Americans (Indians), forcibly if necessary, into settlements which were modeled on towns and villages in Spain. In Portuguese speaking Latin America, reductions were called aldeias. The policy of reductions began on Caribbean islands in 1503. In the words of the Spanish rulers, "It is necessary that the Indians be assigned to towns in which they will live together and that they not remain or wander separated from each other in the backcountry." The Spanish ordered that Indian villages be destroyed and selected sites for new villages to be built. The concentration or reducción of the Indian population facilitated the Spaniards' access to Indian labor, the promulgation of Christianity, and the collection of taxes and tribute. Moreover, the reduction of the Indians was intended to break down ethnic and kinship ties and detribalize the residents to create a generic Indian population.
Reductions began in Mexico shortly after Cortés's conquest in the 1520s and were begun in Baja California in the 17th century and California in the late 18th century. Reductions in Mexico were more commonly known as congregaciones. Probably the most famous of the reductions were in Paraguay and neighboring Argentina and Brazil in the 17th and 18th centuries which were created and ruled by the Jesuit order of the Catholic Church.
Indian reductions in the Andes, mostly in present day Peru and Bolivia, began on a large scale in 1570 during the rule of Viceroy Francisco de Toledo. Toledo aimed, with some success, to remake the society of the former Inca empire and in a few years resettled about 1.4 million Indians into 840 communities, many of which are the nucleus of present-day cities, towns, and villages.
Usage examples of "reductions".
That same month, there was a mass meeting, an extralegal gathering, which called for price reductions and initiated an investigation of Robert Morris, a rich Philadelphian who was accused of holding food from the market.
Judges came inside the prison, granted some paroles and reductions, and the hostages were released.
They made their money because they already had a goodly sum to begin with and then invested it in companies that got rich by throwing people out of work, exploiting children and the poor in other countries, and receiving big reductions in their taxes.