What is "pinus cembra"

Turpentine \Tur"pen*tine\, n. [F. t['e]r['e]bentine, OF. also turbentine; cf. Pr. terebentina, terbentina, It. terebentina, trementina; fr. L. terebinthinus of the turpentine tree, from terebinthus the turpentine tree. Gr. ?, ?. See Terebinth.] A semifluid or fluid oleoresin, primarily the exudation of the terebinth, or turpentine, tree ( Pistacia Terebinthus), a native of the Mediterranean region. It is also obtained from many coniferous trees, especially species of pine, larch, and fir.

Note: There are many varieties of turpentine. Chian turpentine is produced in small quantities by the turpentine tree ( Pistacia Terebinthus). Venice, Swiss, or larch turpentine, is obtained from Larix Europ[ae]a. It is a clear, colorless balsam, having a tendency to solidify. Canada turpentine, or Canada balsam, is the purest of all the pine turpentines (see under Balsam). The Carpathian and Hungarian varieties are derived from Pinus Cembra and Pinus Mugho. Carolina turpentine, the most abundant kind, comes from the long-leaved pine ( Pinus palustris). Strasburg turpentine is from the silver fir ( Abies pectinata).

Oil of turpentine (Chem.), a colorless oily hydrocarbon, C10H16, of a pleasant aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of crude turpentine. It is used in making varnishes, in medicine, etc. It is the type of the terpenes and is related to cymene. Called also terebenthene, terpene, etc.

Turpentine moth (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of small tortricid moths whose larv[ae] eat the tender shoots of pine and fir trees, causing an exudation of pitch or resin.

Turpentine tree (Bot.), the terebinth tree, the original source of turpentine. See Turpentine, above.

Arolla \A*rol"la\ ([.a]*r[o^]l"l[.a]), n. [F. arolle.] (Bot.) The stone pine ( Pinus Cembra).

Pinus cembra, also known as Swiss pine, Swiss stone pine or Arolla pine or Austrian stone pine or just Stone pine, is a species of pine tree that grows in the Alps and Carpathian Mountains of central Europe, in Poland ( Tatra Mountains), Switzerland, France, Italy, Austria, Germany, Slovenia, Slovakia ( Tatra Mountains), Ukraine and Romania. It typically grows at to altitude. It often reaches the alpine tree line in this area. The mature size is typically between and in height, and the trunk diameter can be up to .

It is a member of the white pine group, Pinus subgenus Strobus, and like all members of that group, the leaves ('needles') are in fascicles (bundles) of five, with a deciduous sheath. The needle-like leaves are to long. The cones, which contain the nuts (or nuts), of the Swiss pine are to long. The to long seeds have only a vestigial wing and are dispersed by spotted nutcrackers.

The very similar Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica) is treated as a variety or subspecies of Swiss pine by some botanists. It differs in having slightly larger cones, and needles with three resin canals instead of two as in the Swiss pine.

Like other European and Asian white pines, Swiss pine is very resistant to white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola). This fungal disease was accidentally introduced from Europe into North America, where it has caused severe mortality in the American native white pines in many areas, notably the closely related whitebark pine. Swiss pine is of great value for research into hybridisation to develop rust resistance in these species.