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Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
pigeon-hole

also pigeonhole, 1570s, "a small recess for pigeons to nest in," from pigeon + hole (n.). Meaning "a compartment in a writing desk," etc. is from 1680s, based on resemblance. The verb is from 1840 literally; figurative sense of "label mentally" is from 1870.\n\n[Y]ou will have an inspector after you with note-book and ink-horn, and you will be booked and pigeon-holed for further use when wanted.

["Civilisation
--The Census," "Blackwood's Magazine," Oct. 1854]

\nRelated: Pigeonholed.\n
Wiktionary
pigeon-hole

n. (alternative spelling of pigeonhole English) vb. (alternative spelling of pigeonhole English)

Usage examples of "pigeon-hole".

THE elegant Julia sat in her chamber, with her slaves around her--like the cubiculum which adjoined it, the room was small, but much larger than the usual apartments appropriated to sleep, which were so diminutive, that few who have not seen the bed-chambers, even in the gayest mansions, can form any notion of the petty pigeon-holes in which the citizens of Pompeii evidently thought it desirable to pass the night.

Crewe again examined the articles in silence before taking them to his secretaire and locking them up in one of the pigeon-holes.

It was locked, but the lock was a poor one that yielded to half a dozen blows of the spontoon, and they passed into a little room beyond which by an open door they came into a long gallery lined with pigeon-holes stuffed with parchments, which they conceived to be the archives.

There was no sounding such a spirit, no measuring, no determining of metes and bounds, nor neatly classifying in some pigeon-hole with others of similar type.

A moment of stillness, a contemptuous shove and the porter was scrabbling frantically at the pigeon-holed mail racks behind him in an attempt to keep his balance.

Then, as now, organizational problems and responsibilities often couldn't be pigeon-holed into set hours.

What held me down safely was the big pigeon-holed desk which I put in the parlour.

Here a poste restante pigeon-hole was nerved in the name of one Poitiers.

There were lacquered and inlaid tabourets, velvet and silk reclining-corners and squatting-cushions, and infinite rows of teakwood and ebony pigeon-holes with metal cylinders containing some of the manuscripts he was soon to read—standard classics which all urban apartments possessed.

Having greeted Bristol and myself he led the way to his private office, and from a pigeon-hole in his desk took out a letter typewritten upon a sheet of quarto paper.