The Collaborative International Dictionary
Penteconter \Pen"te*con`ter\, n. [Gr. ? (sc. ?), fr. ? fifty.] (Gr. Antiq.) A Grecian vessel with fifty oars. [Written also pentaconter.]
Wiktionary
n. (context history obsolete English) A galley-type Grecian vessel with fifty oars.
Wikipedia
The penteconter, alt. spelling pentekonter and pentaconter, also transliterated as pentecontor or pentekontor (, pentekontoros "fifty-oared"), plural penteconters was an ancient Greek galley in use since the archaic period. In an alternative meaning, the term was also used for a military commander of fifty men in ancient Greece.
The penteconters emerged in an era when there was no distinction between merchant and war ships. They were versatile, long-range ships used for sea trade, piracy and warfare, capable of transporting freight or troops. A penteconter was rowed by fifty oarsmen, arranged in two rows of twenty-five on each side of the ship. A midship mast with sail could also propel the ship under favourable wind. Penteconters were long and sharp-keeled ships, hence described as long vessels (, nḗes markaí ). They typically lacked a full deck, and thus were also called unfenced vessels (, áphraktoi nḗes).
Homer describes war ships during the Trojan War of various numbers of oars varying from twenty-oared, such as the ship that brought Chryseis back to her father, to fifty-oared, as Odysseus’ ship that had fifty men and as many as 120 men of the Boeotian ships.
According to some contemporary calculations, penteconters are believed to have been between long, approximately 4 m wide, and capable of reaching a top speed of . However, modern reconstructions of penteconters, as well as other ancient ship designs such as triremes, manned by modern untrained amateurs, attained that top speed fairly easily on initial sea trials, which implies that the top speed of that type of ship in the ancient era had to be substantially higher. Ancient Greeks also used the triaconter or triacontor ( triankontoros), a shorter version of the penteconter with thirty oars. There is a general agreement that the trireme, the primary warship of classical antiquity, evolved from the penteconter via the bireme. The penteconter remained in use until the Hellenistic period, when it became complemented and eventually replaced by other designs, such as the lembos, the hemiolia and the liburnians.
Usage examples of "penteconter".
There were a few of the traditional long, low penteconters, and he saw one that looked like a late-medieval Venetian galley, huge oars pulled by four men each and a brace of big guns pointing forward.
Most of them were biremes, and there were several penteconters, open galleys with decks fore and aft and propelled by fifty oars as well as sails.
The penteconters had moved up now between the big ships of the Myposans.
A rock from a shore catapult dropped directly into the center of one of these penteconters, killing two or three men instantly and crashing through the bottom of the ship, which immediately commenced to fill and sink.
The huge penteconter came beating into the gap hardly a spear's cast behind the dromond.
The penteconters of Byzantium had furrowed the seas here, and the caracks of Pisa.