What is "peer review"

n. The scholarly process whereby manuscripts intended to be published in an academic journal are reviewed by independent researchers (referees) to evaluate the contribution, i.e. the importance, novelty and accuracy of the manuscript's contents. vb. To review before publication, as by an authority or authorities in the pertinent field of study, of the written form of an idea, hypothesis, theory, and/or written discussion of such.

v. evaluate professionally a colleague's work [syn: referee]

Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people of similar competence to the producers of the work ( peers). It constitutes a form of self-regulation by qualified members of a profession within the relevant field. Peer review methods are employed to maintain standards of quality, improve performance, and provide credibility. In academia, scholarly peer review is often used to determine an academic paper's suitability for publication. Peer review can be categorized by the type of activity and by the field or profession in which the activity occurs, e.g., medical peer review.

Peer Review is a quarterly magazine published by the Association of American Colleges and Universities that reports "emerging trends and key debates in undergraduate liberal education". It was established in early 2000 and the editor-in-chief is Shelley Johnson Carey. The magazine is based in Washington DC.

Peer review may refer to:

• Clinical audit, a systematic review of healthcare against an explicit standard
• Clinical peer review, the process by which health care professionals evaluate each other's clinical performance
• Medical peer review, the process of refereeing healthcare practitioner decisions
• Peer review, the scholarly process of screening papers or grant applications
• Peer Review, a DLC for Portal 2
• Peer Review (magazine), an academic magazine
• Physician peer review, the process by which physicians evaluate each other to promote better quality of care
• Scholarly peer review, the process of refereeing scholarly papers
• Sham peer review, the process of pseudo-review done for political purposes, often in healthcare
• Software peer review in software development
• Technical peer review in systems engineering

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