What is "pearl millet"

Pearl \Pearl\, n. [OE. perle, F. perle, LL. perla, perula, probably fr. (assumed) L. pirulo, dim. of L. pirum a pear. See Pear, and cf. Purl to mantle.]

1. (Zo["o]l.) A shelly concretion, usually rounded, and having a brilliant luster, with varying tints, found in the mantle, or between the mantle and shell, of certain bivalve mollusks, especially in the pearl oysters and river mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves. It is usually due to a secretion of shelly substance around some irritating foreign particle. Its substance is the same as nacre, or mother-of-pearl. Pearls which are round, or nearly round, and of fine luster, are highly esteemed as jewels, and compare in value with the precious stones.

2. Hence, figuratively, something resembling a pearl; something very precious.

   I see thee compassed with thy kingdom's pearl.
   --Shak.

   And those pearls of dew she wears.
   --Milton.

3. Nacre, or mother-of-pearl.

4. (Zo["o]l.) A fish allied to the turbot; the brill.

5. (Zo["o]l.) A light-colored tern.

6. (Zo["o]l.) One of the circle of tubercles which form the bur on a deer's antler.

7. A whitish speck or film on the eye. [Obs.]
   --Milton.

8. A capsule of gelatin or similar substance containing some liquid for medicinal application, as ether.

9. (Print.) A size of type, between agate and diamond. [1913 Webster] [hand] This line is printed in the type called pearl. Ground pearl. (Zo["o]l.) See under Ground. Pearl barley, kernels of barley, ground so as to form small, round grains. Pearl diver, one who dives for pearl oysters. Pearl edge, an edge of small loops on the side of some kinds of ribbon; also, a narrow kind of thread edging to be sewed on lace. Pearl eye, cataract. [R.] Pearl gray, a very pale and delicate blue-gray color. Pearl millet, Egyptian millet ( Penicillaria spicata). Pearl moss. See Carrageen. Pearl moth (Zo["o]l.), any moth of the genus Margaritia; -- so called on account of its pearly color. Pearl oyster (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of large tropical marine bivalve mollusks of the genus Meleagrina, or Margaritifera, found in the East Indies (especially at Ceylon), in the Persian Gulf, on the coast of Australia, and on the Pacific coast of America. Called also pearl shell, and pearl mussel. Pearl powder. See Pearl white, below. Pearl sago, sago in the form of small pearly grains. Pearl sinter (Min.), fiorite. Pearl spar (Min.), a crystallized variety of dolomite, having a pearly luster. Pearl white.

   1. Basic bismuth nitrate, or bismuth subchloride; -- used chiefly as a cosmetic.

   2. A variety of white lead blued with indigo or Berlin blue.

n. (taxlink Pennisetum glaucum species noshow=1)

n. tall grass having cattail like spikes; grown in Africa and Asia for its grain and in the United States chiefly for forage; sometimes used in making beer [syn: bulrush millet, cattail millet, Pennisetum glaucum, Pennisetum Americanum]

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is the most widely grown type of millet. It has been grown in Africa and the Indian subcontinent since prehistoric times. The center of diversity, and suggested area of domestication, for the crop is in the Sahel zone of West Africa. Recent archaeobotanical research has confirmed the presence of domesticated pearl millet on the Sahel zone of northern Mali between 2500 and 2000 BC. Cultivation subsequently spread and moved overseas to India. The earliest archaeological records in India date to around 2000 BC, and it spread rapidly through India reaching South India by 1500 BC, based on evidence from the site of Hallur. Cultivation also spread throughout eastern and southern parts of Africa. Pearl millet is widely grown in the northeastern part of Nigeria (especially in Borno and Yobe states). It is a major source of food to the local villagers of that region. The crop grows easily in that region due to its ability to withstand harsh weather conditions like drought and flood. Records exist for cultivation of pearl millet in the United States in the 1850s, and the crop was introduced into Brazil in the 1960s.