What is "niqqud"

n. (alternative spelling of nikud English)

'''Niqqud

ְ

ֱ

ֲ

ֳ

ִ

ֵ

ֶ

ַ

ָ

ֹ

ֻ

ּ

ֿ

ׁ

ׂ

Other diacritics

Example

Example of biblical Hebrew trope.svg

Gen. 1:9, And God said,
"Let the waters be collected".
Letters in black, niqqud in red,
cantillation in blue'''

Niqqud articles

Shva Hiriq Zeire Segol Patach Kamatz Holam Dagesh Mappiq Shuruk Kubutz Rafe Sin/Shin Dot

In Hebrew orthography, niqqud or nikkud ( or ) is a system of diacritical signs used to represent vowels or distinguish between alternative pronunciations of letters of the Hebrew alphabet. Several such diacritical systems were developed in the Early Middle Ages. The most widespread system, and the only one still used to a significant degree today, was created by the Masoretes of Tiberias in the second half of the first millennium AD in the Land of Israel (see Masoretic Text, Tiberian Hebrew). Text written with niqqud is called ktiv menuqad.

Niqqud marks are small compared to consonants, so they can be added without retranscribing texts whose writers did not anticipate them.

In modern Israeli orthography niqqud is seldom used, except in specialised texts such as dictionaries, poetry, or texts for children or for new immigrants. For purposes of disambiguation, a system of spelling without niqqud, known in Hebrew as ktiv maleh (, literally "full spelling") has developed. This was formally standardised in the Rules for Spelling without Niqqud enacted by the Academy of the Hebrew Language in 1996.

Among those who do not speak Hebrew, niqqud are the sometimes unnamed focus of controversy regarding the interpretation of the name written with the Tetragrammaton—written as in Hebrew. The interpretation affects discussion of the authentic ancient pronunciation of the name whose other conventional English forms are " Jehovah" and " Yahweh".