noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
infant mortality rate
infant mortality (=the number of infants who die)
▪ The infant mortality rate doubled during the 1990s.
the death/mortality rate
▪ The death rate among the homeless is three times higher than the rest of the population.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
adult
▪ But it is not clear how adult mortality rates could affect the optimal timing of maturity.
▪ Life-history theory could readily explain dwarfing if juvenile, but not adult, male mortality were large.
▪ Early maturity also reduces male juvenile mortality and thus opposes adult mortality.
▪ In spite of this, however, differences in infant and adult mortality rates between social classes have widened.
▪ The most serious gap is for adult mortality.
cardiovascular
▪ The trend in cardiovascular mortality with external conjugate was abolished by allowing for head circumference.
early
▪ Fetal, infant and early childhood mortality and maternity related deaths to women of reproductive age are the classes of mortality examined.
▪ The husband's educational level also influences early childhood mortality.
▪ In contrast patients subjected to sclerotherapy showed no early mortality but a steady decline in survival in the first two years.
excess
▪ The results indicated that current smokers showed excess mortality when compared with non-smokers.
▪ The excess mortality was attributed to coal mining and the extensive use of soft coal in the mining areas.
▪ The authors thus concluded that the excess mortality noted for gastric cancer was probably related to socioeconomic class rather than coal mining.
▪ In a study of 23232 miners, excess mortality was noted for benign respiratory conditions, accidents, and gastric cancer.
▪ The average excess mortality for gastric cancer among coal miners was 126 per million, with a range of 65-226 per million.
▪ However, because deprivation is also associated with excess mortality some of this is already picked up by including standardised mortality ratio.
fetal
▪ In two developing countries, the lowest frequency of fetal mortality is at births above second but below sixth or seventh order.
▪ Most studies have found no increase in fetal mortality when blood glucose levels are controlled in this way.
high
▪ Conclusions - Children classified as unoccupied are almost certainly living in poverty as well as experiencing relatively high risks of mortality.
▪ Of all groups, single males have the highest mortality rate-and suicide is increasingly the way they die.
▪ Consequently, to combat this high mortality rate large numbers of offspring are necessary.
▪ These men also had the highest standardised mortality ratio for all causes of death.
▪ With high mortality rates even a large family size only just replaces the parents.
▪ The high mortality rates could simply be seen as nature playing its part in curbing hare numbers.
▪ Introduction A recent Medical Research Council trial shows higher cancer mortality in elderly hypertensive men treated with atenolol.
▪ As she more than once said, our letters over the years seemed to reveal a shockingly high mortality among our friends.
increased
▪ The reduction was not associated with increased mortality and was reversible if plants were returned to 20°C.
▪ In large studies there is no evidence of increased mortality when either class of agent was used, but what about morbidity?
▪ Suppose we think of conditions which lead to impaired reproduction or increased likelihood of mortality.
infant
▪ Schooling is the route to lowering infant mortality.
▪ A final factor that affects the number of children desired by developing world couples is infant mortality.
▪ Amongthe poorest 25 % of the rural population, infant mortality is 3.5 times higher than among city dwellers.
▪ Declines in infant mortality may have contributed indirectly to declining fertility, though evidence on the matter is inconclusive.
▪ Anhui officials produced impressive statistics for the decline in infant mortality in the county visited.
▪ The correlation between infant mortality and fertility has not been well documented.
▪ Tampa General Hospital created a subsidiary to combat infant mortality.
▪ In a region where infant mortality is high, the argument struck a responsive chord.
low
▪ For these categories hospital 1 had the lowest perinatal mortality rates among the consultant units after adjustment for risk factors.
▪ Firstly people are living longer, there is low infant mortality, but the average age of the population is rising as well.
▪ Although restorative proctocolectomy is associated with a low mortality the morbidity is considerable.
▪ While inner London has the lowest mortality rate of any region in the country, not all its hospitals are top performers.
▪ Adult females experienced much lower mortality rates whereas adult males searching for females had even higher mortality rates.
▪ If these data were combined with clinical data then large subgroups with low mortality could be identified.
▪ The good news is that people with lower blood pressures have lower mortality rates than those who suffer from hypertension.
male
▪ Life-history theory could readily explain dwarfing if juvenile, but not adult, male mortality were large.
▪ Early maturity also reduces male juvenile mortality and thus opposes adult mortality.
▪ From birth onwards, male mortality rates exceeded those of females.
▪ In Nephila, increased male mortality during the adult search phase is almost exactly counteracted by reduction in juvenile male growth stages.
▪ Excess male mortality appears constant across the four very different countries included in the table.
maternal
▪ The real frequency of worldwide maternal mortality may be as much as three to five times higher than this ratio.
▪ In some places, it meant maternal mortality and female infanticide.
▪ None the less, the London Bills of Mortality suggest that maternal mortality halved from 1700 to 1800.
▪ It should be noted that, jointly with maternal age, parity is also associated with maternal mortality.
neonatal
▪ As the example of Table 7 shows, both late fetal and early neonatal mortality rise steadily with decreasing birth weight.
▪ New York has substantially worse infant and neonatal mortality than London or Paris and some signs of worse problems of social deprivation.
overall
▪ GISSI-2 found no differences in overall mortality between streptokinase and tPA, although streptokinase was associated with significantly fewer strokes.
▪ Have these overall changes in mortality been reflected equally in the different causes of death?
▪ The overall distribution of mortality rates within the population shows a J-shaped distribution.
▪ The overall in-hospital mortality was 8.5% but with triple vessel disease it was 25%.
▪ Accordingly there are no great differences in cancer related and overall mortality between treatment and surveillance studies.
▪ The overall in-hospital mortality of 15.6% of this cohort was similar to short-term mortality of similar cohorts in previous studies.
perinatal
▪ Thus the perinatal mortality ratio is the sum of the late fetal death ratio and the under-7-day mortality rate.
▪ For these categories hospital 1 had the lowest perinatal mortality rates among the consultant units after adjustment for risk factors.
▪ The problems of interpreting perinatal mortality rates have been described by Campbell and MacDonald Davies and Tew.
▪ As many congenital abnormalities can be prevented, these developmental defects should not be considered an irreducible component of perinatal mortality.
▪ Perhaps not surprisingly, the women transferred to consultant care had the highest perinatal mortality rates.
▪ Main outcome measure - Crude perinatal mortality rates and rates adjusted for case mix.
▪ Conclusion - Perinatal mortality rates should be adjusted for case mix and referral patterns to get a meaningful result.
▪ No estimates of perinatal mortality rates were made for the units where few referrals and subsequent perinatal deaths occurred.
premature
▪ This term relates to the effect upon natural lifespan of a decrease in premature mortality.
▪ As premature mortality decreases, he argues, more people will live to the limits of this natural lifespan.
significant
▪ For these reasons, patients with corrosive strictures often undergo surgery, which carries significant morbidity and mortality.
▪ Nevertheless, though it is a major operation, with a significant complication and mortality rate, hysterectomy grows ever more popular.
▪ Acute pancreatitis is a severe disease with significant morbidity and mortality for which no specific treatment exists.
specific
▪ The evaluation of changes in disease specific mortality rates over time is problematic because of changes in classification procedures and death certification practices.
▪ Figure 3 shows the combined data on cause specific mortality.
standardised
▪ It is therefore crucial to include standardised mortality ratios alongside age weightings to correct for variations in life expectancy.
▪ These men also had the highest standardised mortality ratio for all causes of death.
▪ We also calculated standardised mortality ratios for all hypertensive patients.
▪ The sum of each subject's cumulative hazard of death was compared with observed deaths to find the standardised mortality ratio.
▪ There were no trends in standardised mortality ratios from cardiovascular disease or other causes with the number of previous pregnancies.
▪ Death rates were expressed as standardised mortality ratios, with the national average as 100.
▪ The overall death rate from cardiovascular disease was close to the national average, the standardised mortality ratio being 94.
▪ However, because deprivation is also associated with excess mortality some of this is already picked up by including standardised mortality ratio.
total
▪ The oral hygiene index carried about the same level of increased risk for total mortality as for the incidence of coronary heart disease.
▪ In addition to the incidence of coronary heart disease we also evaluated associations with total mortality.
▪ Main outcome measures - Incidence of mortality or admission to hospital because of coronary heart disease; total mortality.
▪ Both periodontal disease and poor oral hygiene showed stronger associations with total mortality than with coronary heart disease.
■ NOUN
cancer
▪ Results - Cancer mortality was not significantly different in clinic patients as a whole and controls.
▪ I was able to make over thirty predictions on statistically reliable differences in cancer mortality rates in various groups.
▪ Introduction A recent Medical Research Council trial shows higher cancer mortality in elderly hypertensive men treated with atenolol.
▪ In contrast cancer mortality overall has changed little.
child
▪ The new recommendations made no reference to reduction of infant and child mortality as preconditions of fertility reduction.
▪ Askoli suffers a 50 percent child mortality rate, largely as a result of gastro-enteritis.
▪ Although food is more plentiful these days, child mortality remains dangerously high.
▪ Other observations from infant as well as child mortality.
▪ Among middle-income and poor countries progress in reducing child mortality and raising school enrolments was faster before 1980.
▪ Literacy alone carries advantages in so far as child mortality is concerned.
▪ See also infant mortality, toddler mortality, child mortality.
▪ On the whole, the impact of spacing upon child mortality outweighs that of any other factor discussed above.
childhood
▪ Fetal, infant and early childhood mortality and maternity related deaths to women of reproductive age are the classes of mortality examined.
▪ And these patterns determine, at least inpart, the viability of the offspring, infant and childhood mortality conditions and maternal health.
▪ The husband's educational level also influences early childhood mortality.
data
▪ As might be expected from the study of mortality data acute health problems are not equally distributed throughout the population.
▪ Regional health authorities will from time to time produce mortality data at ward level.
▪ For example, by relying exclusively on mortality data the ineffectiveness of medical science is overstated.
▪ Consequently inferences made about the main sources of morbidity in later life drawn from mortality data will be misleading.
▪ And for both, morbidity statistics are less accessible and less reliable than mortality data.
▪ There are practical problems with the use of mortality data.
rate
▪ The main reason was that mortality rates dropped very sharply.
▪ Unsuccessfully treated severe depression is a disease with a mortality rate similar to that of cancer.
▪ The impact of social class has, however, been the same on the mortality rates of both sexes.
▪ That was a mortality rate of one afflicted child in four.
▪ The whole mortality rate of the present series was 68%.
▪ Yes, mortality rates among cigarette smokers are way higher than among cigar smokers.
▪ The relationship between fertility rates and mortality rates has created a population structure which has varied substantially during the period in question.
▪ Nevertheless, though it is a major operation, with a significant complication and mortality rate, hysterectomy grows ever more popular.
ratio
▪ It is therefore crucial to include standardised mortality ratios alongside age weightings to correct for variations in life expectancy.
▪ Thus the perinatal mortality ratio is the sum of the late fetal death ratio and the under-7-day mortality rate.
▪ These men also had the highest standardised mortality ratio for all causes of death.
▪ We also calculated standardised mortality ratios for all hypertensive patients.
▪ The sum of each subject's cumulative hazard of death was compared with observed deaths to find the standardised mortality ratio.
▪ There were no trends in standardised mortality ratios from cardiovascular disease or other causes with the number of previous pregnancies.
▪ Death rates were expressed as standardised mortality ratios, with the national average as 100.
▪ The overall death rate from cardiovascular disease was close to the national average, the standardised mortality ratio being 94.
risk
▪ For coronary heart disease, estrogen users had a 60 % reduction in mortality risk.
statistics
▪ It should be noted that morbidity statistics are generally of less reliable quality than mortality statistics.
▪ This ranking order is based on the latest available mortality statistics, ranging from 1977 to 1979.
■ VERB
associate
▪ The induction of ventricular arrhythmias was associated with a 21% mortality against 4% in the negative group.
▪ Although restorative proctocolectomy is associated with a low mortality the morbidity is considerable.
▪ The reduction was not associated with increased mortality and was reversible if plants were returned to 20°C.
▪ The data indicate that dimorphism in adult size may be associated with mortality bias differences brought about by dissimilar adult life styles.
cause
▪ Arguments about what caused the decline in mortality shift between eighteenth- and later nineteenth-century changes.
decrease
▪ Deaths from paracetamol overdose are unnecessary, and efforts should be made to decrease this mortality.
increase
▪ They described, once again, how most people regain the weight on diets and how weight cycling leads to increased mortality.
indicate
▪ Epidemiological studies indicate similar mortality rates for cancer of the oesophagus in smokers of cigars, pipes and cigarettes.
▪ This indicates an annual mortality from asthma of just over 1/100000.
reduce
▪ Apart from reconditioning of patients, does cardiac rehabilitation reduce mortality and morbidity?
▪ The combined effect was to reduce mortality rates.
▪ Early maturity also reduces male juvenile mortality and thus opposes adult mortality.
▪ For example, improved pregnancy outcome that reduces infant mortality will increase productivity in the labor force in 16 to 25 years.
▪ Repeated doses of oral activated charcoal have not yet been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality.
▪ Among middle-income and poor countries progress in reducing child mortality and raising school enrolments was faster before 1980.
▪ An incompletely resolved puzzle is the mechanism by which vitamin A reduces mortality.
show
▪ Early detection regimens should not be applied unless benefit is shown in terms of reduced mortality from cancer in randomised prospective trials.
▪ It focused on the fact that none of the trials showed a decrease in mortality within seven years of follow-up.
▪ The results indicated that current smokers showed excess mortality when compared with non-smokers.
▪ These showed an average annual mortality of four deaths per year for the 10 years as a whole.
▪ Introduction A recent Medical Research Council trial shows higher cancer mortality in elderly hypertensive men treated with atenolol.
▪ Our analysis showed a reduction in mortality during the first 6 months with polychemotherapy.
▪ In contrast patients subjected to sclerotherapy showed no early mortality but a steady decline in survival in the first two years.
▪ The survival curve for the study shows that the highest mortality is during the first four years after diagnosis.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ Cancer mortality among older people is high.
▪ Doctors are reminded of their mortality every day.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ And we are also experiencing mortality. in some areas very rapid mortality.
▪ Fetal, infant and early childhood mortality and maternity related deaths to women of reproductive age are the classes of mortality examined.
▪ In the high grade group, none of the variables or different modes of treatment influenced mortality.
▪ Nevertheless, the reasons for the striking decline in infant mortality in this period remain rather mysterious.
▪ Of all groups, single males have the highest mortality rate-and suicide is increasingly the way they die.
▪ Total mortality and each of the outcomes of coronary heart disease increased as severity of periodontal disease increased.
▪ Whatever way they sliced the statistics, the mortality of the red spruce was dramatic and frightening.