What is "lysophospholipase"

n. (context enzyme English) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of a fatty acid from a lysophospholipid

In enzymology, a lysophospholipase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

2-lysophosphatidylcholine + HO $\rightleftharpoons$ glycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 2-lysophosphatidylcholine and HO, whereas its two products are glycerophosphocholine and carboxylate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. This family consists of lysophospholipase / phospholipase B and cytosolic phospholipase A2 which also has a C2 domain . Phospholipase B enzymes catalyse the release of fatty acids from lysophospholipids and are capable in vitro of hydrolyzing all phospholipids extractable from yeast cells. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 associates with natural membranes in response to physiological increases in Ca and selectively hydrolyses arachidonyl phospholipids, the aligned region corresponds the carboxy-terminal Ca-independent catalytic domain of the protein as discussed in.

The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-lysophosphatidylcholine acylhydrolase. Other names in common use include lecithinase B, lysolecithinase, phospholipase B, lysophosphatidase, lecitholipase, phosphatidase B, lysophosphatidylcholine hydrolase, lysophospholipase A1, lysophopholipase L2, lysophospholipase transacylase, neuropathy target esterase, NTE, NTE-LysoPLA, and NTE-lysophospholipase. This enzyme participates in glycerophospholipid metabolism.