What is "laid paper"

Paper \Pa"per\ (p[=a]"p[~e]r), n. [F. papier, fr. L. papyrus papyrus, from which the Egyptians made a kind of paper, Gr. pa`pyros. Cf. Papyrus.]

1. A substance in the form of thin sheets or leaves intended to be written or printed on, or to be used in wrapping. It is made of rags, straw, bark, wood, or other fibrous material, which is first reduced to pulp, then molded, pressed, and dried.

2. A sheet, leaf, or piece of such substance.

3. A printed or written instrument; a document, essay, or the like; a writing; as, a paper read before a scientific society.

   They brought a paper to me to be signed.
   --Dryden.

4. A printed sheet appearing periodically; a newspaper; a journal; as, a daily paper.

5. Negotiable evidences of indebtedness; notes; bills of exchange, and the like; as, the bank holds a large amount of his paper.

6. Decorated hangings or coverings for walls, made of paper. See Paper hangings, below.

7. A paper containing (usually) a definite quantity; as, a paper of pins, tacks, opium, etc.

8. A medicinal preparation spread upon paper, intended for external application; as, cantharides paper.

9. pl. Documents establishing a person's identity, or status, or attesting to some right, such as the right to drive a vehicle; as, the border guard asked for his papers. Note: Paper is manufactured in sheets, the trade names of which, together with the regular sizes in inches, are shown in the following table. But paper makers vary the size somewhat. Note: In the manufacture of books, etc., a sheet, of whatever size originally, is termed, when folded once, a folio; folded twice, a quarto, or 4to; three times, an octavo, or 8vo; four times, a sextodecimo, or 16mo; five times, a 32mo; three times, with an offcut folded twice and set in, a duodecimo, or 12mo; four times, with an offcut folded three times and set in, a 24mo. Note: Paper is often used adjectively or in combination, having commonly an obvious signification; as, paper cutter or paper-cutter; paper knife, paper-knife, or paperknife; paper maker, paper-maker, or papermaker; paper mill or paper-mill; paper weight, paper-weight, or paperweight, etc. Business paper, checks, notes, drafts, etc., given in payment of actual indebtedness; -- opposed to accommodation paper. Fly paper, paper covered with a sticky preparation, -- used for catching flies. Laid paper. See under Laid. Paper birch (Bot.), the canoe birch tree ( Betula papyracea). Paper blockade, an ineffective blockade, as by a weak naval force. Paper boat (Naut.), a boat made of water-proof paper. Paper car wheel (Railroad), a car wheel having a steel tire, and a center formed of compressed paper held between two plate-iron disks. --Forney. Paper credit, credit founded upon evidences of debt, such as promissory notes, duebills, etc. Paper hanger, one who covers walls with paper hangings. Paper hangings, paper printed with colored figures, or otherwise made ornamental, prepared to be pasted against the walls of apartments, etc.; wall paper. Paper house, an audience composed of people who have come in on free passes. [Cant] Paper money, notes or bills, usually issued by government or by a banking corporation, promising payment of money, and circulated as the representative of coin. Paper mulberry. (Bot.) See under Mulberry. Paper muslin, glazed muslin, used for linings, etc. Paper nautilus. (Zo["o]l.) See Argonauta. Paper reed (Bot.), the papyrus. Paper sailor. (Zo["o]l.) See Argonauta. Paper stainer, one who colors or stamps wall paper. --De Colange. Paper wasp (Zo["o]l.), any wasp which makes a nest of paperlike material, as the yellow jacket. Paper weight, any object used as a weight to prevent loose papers from being displaced by wind, or otherwise. on paper.

   1. in writing; as, I would like to see that on paper.

   2. in theory, though not necessarily in paractice.

   3. in the design state; planned, but not yet put into practice.

      Parchment paper. See Papyrine.

      Tissue paper, thin, gauzelike paper, such as is used to protect engravings in books.

      Wall paper. Same as Paper hangings, above.

      Waste paper, paper thrown aside as worthless or useless, except for uses of little account.

      Wove paper, a writing paper with a uniform surface, not ribbed or watermarked.

      paper tiger, a person or group that appears to be powerful and dangerous but is in fact weak and ineffectual.

Laid \Laid\, imp. & p. p. of Lay.

Laid paper, paper marked with parallel lines or water marks, as if ribbed, from parallel wires in the mold. It is called blue laid, cream laid, etc., according to its color.

n. writing paper having a watermark of fine lines running across the grain

Laid paper is a type of paper having a ribbed texture imparted by the manufacturing process. In the pre-mechanical period of European papermaking (from the 12th century into the 19th century), laid paper was the predominant kind of paper produced. Its use, however, diminished in the 19th century, when it was largely supplanted by wove paper. Laid paper is still commonly used by artists as a support for charcoal drawings.

Before the mechanization of papermaking, the laid pattern was produced by the wire sieve in the rectangular mold used to produce single sheets of paper. A worker would dip the mold into a vat containing diluted linen pulp, then lift it out, tilt it to spread the pulp evenly over the sieve, and, as the water drained out between the wires, shake the mold to lock the fibers together. In the process, the pattern of the wires in the sieve was imparted to the sheet of paper.

Modern papermaking techniques use a dandy roll to create the laid pattern during the early stages of manufacture, in the same way as applying a paper watermark. While in the wet state, the paper stock (a dilute dispersion of the cellulose fibers in water) is drained on a wire mesh to de-water the stock. During this process, a dandy roll with a laid mesh pattern is pressed into the wet stock, displacing the cellulose fiber. This pattern has to be applied at a particular stock consistency; otherwise the pattern will be lost as the fiber flows back while the stock moves past the dandy (too wet), or fiber will pick out of the stock (too dry), causing surface disruption. As the fiber is displaced, localized areas of higher and lower density are produced in a laid pattern, and the pattern is also created on the paper's surface. The pattern is therefore apparent both as one looks through the sheet and as one views its surface. Applying the laid pattern as a mechanical emboss would not create the laid pattern effect on the look-through, as this is only achieved by watermarking techniques.

The traditional laid pattern consists of a series of wide-spaced lines (chain lines) parallel to the shorter sides of the sheet—or, in machine-made paper, running in the machine direction—and more narrowly spaced lines (laid lines) which are at 90 degrees to the chain lines.