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Katolophyromai is the headword in a musical fragment from the first stasimon of Orestes by Euripides (lines 338-344, Vienna Papyrus G 2315). It means "I cry, lament so much." In 1892, among a number of papyri from Hermopolis, Egypt, in the collection of Archduke Rainer Ferdinand of Austria, a fragment was discovered and published by the papyrologist Karl Wessely, containing a mutilated passage with musical notation and dated to the 3rd century BC. Since then, it has been the subject of numerous studies. Its text is:
The rhythm of the song is Dochmius and the mode Lydian in chromatic genus. The arrangement of the fragmentary text differs from the traditional editions, in which the lines begin with (mother’s blood) and appears after (mortals). Unlike other fragments, however, the text and musical notations are quite well preserved.
Whether this fragment represents the original music Euripides composed in 408 BC is an open question, given also the absence of 5th century BC musical inscriptions. Nevertheless, there is some evidence in favour of the authenticity. Psellus and Plutarch credit Euripides and Agathon with the introduction of chromatic genus and the fragment accords with it but also with observations of Dionysius of Halicarnassus and Aristophanes about the complexity of Euripidean style, which appear in the source: alteration of textual rhythm, reduplication of syllables and chromatic or disjunct musical lines.
If the Hellenistic and Roman era musicians and musicologists imitated and reproduced the Classical works the same way librarians, grammarians, Atticists did for literature, this would be another argument or point of further discussion.