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What is "justification"

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justification
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
justification
noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
ample
▪ In their view, the lack of transparency in the system is ample justification for any accusation or rumour, however far-fetched.
▪ Such appearances have provided ample justification for rejecting the complaints of victims and ignoring their cries for held.
▪ There would seem, therefore, to be ample justification for describing the deviance of 3 as semantic.
▪ Mrs Clinton unwittingly may have provided ample justification for that request.
▪ It was a tribute for which the events of the next three years provided ample justification.
▪ So that here for past services there is ample justification for the promise to give the third share.
economic
▪ These are discovered in the empirical tests and economic interpretation and justification is supplied afterwards.
further
▪ There is a further justification for the removal of censorship in libraries and the reason is the cancerous nature of the practice.
▪ But its demise was further justification to the movie industry that musicals are the kiss of death.
▪ Women used their supposedly greater spirituality as a further justification for transcending the confines of the private sphere.
▪ Armed with information like this, the likelihood is that governments will find further justification for managing the media in wartime.
legal
▪ Their term of office has been extended without any legal justification.
▪ That is to say, Edward's action had social, feudal and legal justification.
little
▪ They are also incredibly diverse; there is little justification for derogatory generalizations.
▪ The merits of the case appear to have left little justification for two decades of expensive stubbornness.
▪ There is little justification in using weights derived from individually based analyses in a regional formula for two main reasons.
▪ There is, however, little justification, and quite often a degree of hypocrisy, in such criticisms.
main
▪ In truth the main justification for the scheme is utterly dissipated.
▪ This, then, is the main justification for a study of housework.
moral
▪ Thereby I hope to provide moral justification for the non-egalitarian presuppositions of the methodology that is presented elsewhere in the book.
▪ Deliberately inflicting suffering on people is at least primafacie immoral, and needs some special moral justification.
▪ That many doctors condone this practice does not in itself indicate any moral justification.
only
▪ The only justification for staying here is to live for the most fundamental programme of change.
▪ Greed and the expectation of proper rewards are the only real justification for risk-taking.
▪ The only slight justification for Batty going I can see, I realised last night.
▪ The only justification for sub-contracting is if you need to hire in some specialist expertise on a temporary basis.
possible
▪ They had absolutely no right, no possible justification.
▪ What possible justification could there be for such coldness?
▪ So there is no possible justification for introducing the guillotine motion on the ground of an election commitment.
sufficient
▪ For a long time, this was sufficient justification for Friedmann's assumption - as a rough approximation to the real universe.
▪ Bernard liked the milk, and that for Laura was sufficient justification for doing anything.
▪ As previously argued, beautiful end-products are not in themselves sufficient justification for project work.
▪ Surely this alone would be sufficient justification for the privilege to be withdrawn.
theoretical
▪ This chapter examines the theoretical justification for such controls, that is, the case for intervention.
▪ Perhaps more important, better technology was accompanied by theoretical justification for its use.
▪ Whatever theoretical justification there might be for a dual market it would appear increasingly unjust.
▪ He provided a theoretical justification for the method of collecting natural histories.
■ NOUN
cost
▪ This could be an important consideration for a personnel manager when putting together a cost justification for a system.
▪ Clear-thinking organizations rely on cost justification to reveal these truths, even if they run counter to current plans and conventional wisdom.
▪ Unhealthy organizations, however, use cost justification as an after-the-fact means of tidying up economic chaos.
▪ Even if it stops short of this extreme, retroactive cost justification is largely ineffective.
▪ Retroactive cost justification also fails because it disproportionately distributes benefits and costs among organizational constituencies.
▪ Finally, retroactive cost justification fails because it never takes into account the qualitative costs that self-defeating actions inflict on organizational performance.
■ VERB
find
▪ The commonalty find their justification in speaking by speaking as the mouthpiece of another.
▪ Indeed, one can thumb through the Bible and find justification for just about anything.
▪ Armed with information like this, the likelihood is that governments will find further justification for managing the media in wartime.
give
▪ Sometimes, woman-centred theory is given a utilitarian justification.
▪ They will not give justification to our accusers.
▪ This gives an aposteriori justification of the method used to solve Exercise 6 of Chapter 2.
▪ Classical myth gives its own justification for this anomaly.
▪ Their home alone would give Brian every justification for moving.
▪ It was not as if James had ever given Leo any justification for disliking him.
▪ In particular, emotional attachments may be given a justification which psychologically does not explain why the individual holds the attachments.
need
▪ He needed no justification, no support, no-one's approval.
▪ The special status they have is not one which needs grounding or justification.
▪ It is just that we do treat them as propositions which need no justification but which can justify others.
▪ The collectors of boys' and girls' magazines need neither justification nor encouragement.
▪ Deliberately inflicting suffering on people is at least primafacie immoral, and needs some special moral justification.
provide
▪ Thereby I hope to provide moral justification for the non-egalitarian presuppositions of the methodology that is presented elsewhere in the book.
▪ Such appearances have provided ample justification for rejecting the complaints of victims and ignoring their cries for held.
▪ Such a definition, or a public-order-threat assessment, provides the justification for wide-ranging and controversial police practices.
▪ Mrs Clinton unwittingly may have provided ample justification for that request.
▪ The line between the two is said to provide the justification for judicial review.
▪ The demonstration was motivated by theoretical work which provides the real justification for the interpretation given.
▪ Although it does not in fact provide a justification, we are much less inclined to say that it does not.
▪ He provided a theoretical justification for the method of collecting natural histories.
require
▪ The emphasis of the molecular level of description requires some justification.
▪ Normally, the doctrine of restraint of trade has no application to such restrictions: they require no justification.
▪ All have the appearance of reason but in the end require justification by faith.
seem
▪ The two-tier principle was strictly adhered to in the 1972 Act even when there seemed little justification for itin particular circumstances.
▪ In this case, there seems to be some justification for that view.
▪ There seems little justification for the use of thiazides in these patients.
▪ It intrudes into Carina, and seems to have no justification for separate identity; it lies between Canopus and Beta Carinæ.
▪ There seems no justification for this situation.
use
▪ Such assumptions have been used as a partial justification for women's ineligibility for social security benefits.
▪ The Court was eager to use the legalist justification of the reaction.
▪ These speculations are used as justification not only for opposing more prosecution advocacy by employed lawyers, but for blocking the entire application.
▪ Such publications were sometimes used as justification for practices whose motives or consequences were anything but generous or liberating.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ She had her residence permit taken away, without any justification
▪ There's no justification for cruelty.
▪ There is no justification for holding her in jail.
▪ What justification can there be for paying women lower wages?
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Justification

Justification \Jus`ti*fi*ca"tion\, n. [L. justificatio: cf. F. justification. See Justify.]

  1. The act of justifying or the state of being justified; a showing or proving to be just or conformable to law, justice, right, or duty; defense; vindication; support; as, arguments in justification of the prisoner's conduct; his disobedience admits justification.

    I hope, for my brother's justification, he wrote this but as an essay or taste of my virtue.
    --Shak.

  2. (Law) The showing in court of a sufficient lawful reason why a party charged or accused did that for which he is called to answer.

  3. (Theol.) The act of justifying, or the state of being justified, in respect to God's requirements.

    Who was delivered for our offenses, and was raised again for our justification.
    --Rom. iv. 25.

    In such righteousness To them by faith imputed, they may find Justification toward God, and peace Of conscience.
    --Milton.

  4. (Print.) Adjustment of type (in printing), or of the final spacing of printed text, by spacing it so as to make it exactly fill a line, or line up at one edge of the allotted portion of the printed page; adjustment of a cut so as to hold it in the right place; also, the leads, quads, etc., used for making such adjustment; as, left justification is the most common format for simple letters, but left and right justification is typically used in books.

Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
justification

late 14c., "administration of justice," from Late Latin iustificationem (nominative iustificatio), noun of action from past participle stem of iustificare (see justify). Meaning "action of justifying" is from late 15c. Theological sense is from 1520s.

Wiktionary
justification

n. 1 A reason, explanation, or excuse which provides convincing, morally acceptable support for behavior or for a belief or occurrence. 2 (context typography English) The alignment of text to the left margin (left justification), the right margin (right justification), or both margins (full justification).

WordNet
justification

  1. n. something (such as a fact or circumstance) that shows an action to be reasonable or necessary; "he considered misrule a justification for revolution"

  2. a statement in explanation of some action or belief

  3. the act of defending or explaining or making excuses for by reasoning; "the justification of barbarous means by holy ends"- H.J.Muller

Wikipedia
Justification

Justification may refer to:

  • Theory of justification, a part of epistemology that attempts to understand the justification of propositions and beliefs.
  • Justification (jurisprudence), defence in a prosecution for a criminal offense.
  • Justification (theology), God's act of declaring or making a sinner righteous before God.
  • Justification (typesetting), a kind of typographic alignment.
  • Formal proof, an object that justifies the validity of a formalized statement.
  • Justification may also refer to ad hoc hypotheses and explanations.
  • Rationalization (making excuses), a phenomenon in psychology.
Justification (jurisprudence)

Justification in jurisprudence is an exception to the prohibition of committing certain offenses. Justification, as in justifiable homicide, vindicates and shows the justice. Justification can be a defense in a prosecution for a criminal offense. When an act is justified, a person is not criminally liable even though their act would otherwise constitute an offense. For example, to intentionally commit a homicide would be considered murder. However, it is not considered a crime if committed in self-defense.

A justification is not the same as an excuse. In contrast, an excuse (legal) is a defense that recognizes a crime was committed, but that for the defendant, although committing a socially undesirable crime, conviction and punishment would be morally inappropriate because of an extenuating personal inadequacy, such as mental defect, lack of mental capacity, sufficient age, intense fear of death, lacking the ability to control their own conduct, etc.

Justification (theology)

Justification, in Christian theology, is God's act of removing the guilt and penalty of sin while at the same time declaring a sinner righteous through Christ's atoning sacrifice. In Protestantism, righteousness from God is viewed as being credited to the sinner's account through faith alone, without works.

The means of justification is an area of significant difference between Catholics/Eastern Orthodox and Protestants. Broadly speaking, Catholic and Orthodox Christians distinguish between initial justification, which in their view occurs at baptism, and permanent justification, accomplished after a lifetime of striving to do God's will. Most Protestants believe that justification is a singular act in which God declares an unrighteous individual to be righteous, an act made possible because Christ was legally "made sin" while on the cross . Justification is granted to all who exercise faith, and that is viewed as a gift from God (unmerited favour) by Lutherans and Calvinists, who use , as well as and to support that belief. Catholics and Eastern Orthodox use , and to support their belief that justification is kept through avoiding grave sins. Justification is seen by Protestants as being the theological fault line that divided Catholic from Protestant during the Protestant Reformation.

Usage examples of "justification".

Robespierre was attended with fatal consequences to him, and that his justification consisted in acknowledging that his friends were very different from what he had supposed them to be.

But the most important step which his Prussian majesty took in his own justification, was that of publishing another memorial, specifying the conduct of the courts of Vienna and Saxony, and their dangerous designs against his person and interest, together with the original documents adduced as proofs of these sinister intentions.

But this incredulity vanished in a moment when the nation was startled on the 30th of July, two days after the adjournment of Congress, by a massacre at New Orleans, which had not the pretense of justification or even or provocation.

In his more lucid moments he was relieved at how well Alec was managing, though the fact that the boy had not yet slipped away, despite ample justification and opportunity, continued to baffle him.

Aye, we can march, but it will take months to reach the Aren Plain, and by then Korbolo will have given Tavore all the justification she needs to deliver a ruthless punishment.

I was looking at her to see if I could find any justification for her ill humour on her features, but as soon as she saw me she turned away in a very marked manner, and began to speak about nothing to the priest.

He had a stuffed bittern in his study, and knew the names of quite a number of wild flowers, so his aunt had possibly some justification in describing him as a great naturalist.

He published a manifesto in justification of his own conduct, complaining that admiral Haddock had received orders to cruise with his squadron between the capes St.

Weidenreich, director of the Cenozoic Research Laboratory at Beijing Union Medical College, also stated that there was no justification for attributing the femur and the skullcap to the same individual.

The usually cited constitutional justification for such legislation is that which was advanced forty years ago in the above quoted Hoke Case.

So the medical justification for doing cochlear implants early, if at all, is clear.

Robbie was making this up as he went, lying with his customary eclat, but by painting a bleak picture of the consequences to the family, Robbie was lending an element of humane justification to the misconduct he was requesting.

Since, therefore, the justification of the ungodly is effected by the power that Christ has in the sacraments, it seems that He could not communicate that power to ministers.

He who rejects the entire past, without keeping any part of it which could serve to breathe life into the revolution, condemns himself to finding justification only in the future and, in the meantime, to entrusting the police with the task of justifying the provisional state of affairs.

From their earliest days they were incapable of justifying what they nevertheless found necessary, and conceived the idea of offering themselves as a justification and of replying by personal sacrifice to the question they asked themselves.