What is "julian"

Julian \Jul"ian\ (?; 277)

1. [L. Julianus, fr. Julius. Cf. July, Gillian.] Relating to, or derived from, Julius C[ae]sar.

   Julian calendar, the calendar as adjusted by Julius C[ae]sar, in which the year was made to consist of 365 days, each fourth year having 366 days.

   Julian epoch, the epoch of the commencement of the Julian calendar, or 46

3. Julian period, a chronological period of 7,980 years, combining the solar, lunar, and indiction cycles (28 x 19 x 15 = 7,980), being reckoned from the year 4713 B. C., when the first years of these several cycles would coincide, so that if any year of the period be divided by 28, 19, or 15, the remainder will be the year of the corresponding cycle. The Julian period was proposed by Scaliger, to remove or avoid ambiguities in chronological dates, and was so named because composed of Julian years.

   Julian year, the year of 365 days, 6 hours, adopted in the Julian calendar, and in use until superseded by the Gregorian year, as established in the reformed or Gregorian calendar.

"old style" calendar, 1590s, in reference to reforms by Julius Caesar in 46 B.C.E. (see Julius). The masc. proper name is from Latin Iulianus, from Iulius.

Julian (, ; 331/332 – 26 June 363), also known as Julian the Apostate was Roman Emperor from 361 to 363, as well as a notable philosopher and author in Greek.

A member of the Constantinian dynasty, Julian became Caesar over the western provinces by order of Constantius II in 355 and in this role campaigned successfully against the Alamanni and Franks. Most notable was his crushing victory over the Alamanni in 357 at the Battle of Argentoratum (Strasbourg), leading his 13,000 men against a Germanic army three times larger. In 360 in Lutetia (Paris) he was proclaimed Augustus by his soldiers, sparking a civil war between Julian and Constantius. Before the two could face each other in battle, however, Constantius died, after naming Julian as his rightful successor. In 363, Julian embarked on an ambitious campaign against the Sassanid Empire. Though initially successful, Julian was mortally wounded in battle and died shortly thereafter.

Julian was a man of unusually complex character: he was "the military commander, the theosophist, the social reformer, and the man of letters". He was the last non-Christian ruler of the Roman Empire, and it was his desire to bring the Empire back to its ancient Roman values in order to, as he saw it, save it from dissolution. He purged the top-heavy state bureaucracy and attempted to revive traditional Roman religious practices at the cost of Christianity. His anti-Christian sentiment and promotion of Neoplatonic paganism caused him to be remembered as Julian the Apostate by the church. He was the last emperor of the Constantinian dynasty, the empire's first Christian dynasty.

Julian is a 1964 novel by Gore Vidal, a work of historical fiction written primarily in the first person dealing with the life of the Roman emperor Flavius Claudius Julianus, (known to Christians as Julian the Apostate), who reigned 360–363 C.E.

Julián Ríos (born 12 October 1970 in Santiago, Chile), also known by the stage names Julian, Julián Ruíz, Julian Andretti or Jordan Rivers is a pornographic film actor.

Julian is a common male given name.

Julian may also refer to:

Julian is a 2012 Australian short film written and directed by Matthew Moore.

The film is set in 1981. Set in a classroom, it explores a day of a nine-year-old Julian Assange, played by a then-unknown Ed Oxenbould.

Julian won a Flickerfest Special Jury Award, a Crystal Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival and an AACTA Award for Best Short Fiction Film. Lead actor, Ed Oxenbould, was nominated for an AACTA for Best Young Actor.

Julián is the Spanish equivalent of the name Julian. Notable people with the name include:

• Julián, Julián Cuesta, Spanish footballer
• Julián Orbón (1925-1991) Cuban composer
• Julián Carrón (1950) Spanish Catholic theologian
• Julián Robles (1981) Spanish footballer
• Julián Vara (1983) Spanish footballer
• Julián Infante (1957-2000) Spanish guitarist and song writer
• Julián Marías (1914-2005) Spanish philosopher associated with the Generation of '36 movement
• Julián Herranz Casado (1930) Spanish Cardinal of the Catholic Church
• Julián Besteiro (1870-1940) Spanish socialist politician
• Julián Sánchez (cyclist) (1980) Spanish professional road bicycle racer
• Julián Grimau (1911-1963) Spanish Communist activist
• Julián Retegi Retegi II
• Julián Simón Spanish motorcycle racer
• Juli, Julián Cerdá Vicente (1981) Spanish footballer
• Julián de Olivares (1895-1977) Spanish fencer
• Julián Juderías (1877-1918) Spanish historian and sociologist
• Julián Zugazagoitia member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, editor of the El Socialista
• Julián Miralles (1965) Spanish motorcycle racer