Crossword clues for jacobin
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Jacobin \Jac"o*bin\ (j[a^]k"[-o]*b[i^]n), n. [F. See 2d Jack, Jacobite.]
(Eccl. Hist.) A Dominican friar; -- so named because, before the French Revolution, that order had a convent in the Rue St. Jacques, Paris.
One of a society of violent agitators in France, during the revolution of 1789, who held secret meetings in the Jacobin convent in the Rue St. Jacques, Paris, and concerted measures to control the proceedings of the National Assembly. Hence: A plotter against an existing government; a turbulent demagogue.
(Zo["o]l.) A fancy pigeon, in which the feathers of the neck form a hood, -- whence the name. The wings and tail are long, and the beak moderately short.
Jacobin \Jac"o*bin\, a. Same as Jacobinic.
Blackfriar \Blackfriar\, Black friar \Black" fri`ar\ (Eccl.) A friar of the Dominican order, so named becaise wearing wearing the black mantle of the Dominicans; -- called also predicant and preaching friar; in France, Jacobin. Also, sometimes, a Benedictine.
Syn: Dominican.
Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
early 14c., in reference to an order of Dominican friars, from Old French Jacobin (13c.) "Dominican friar" (also, in the Middle East, "a Copt"); so called because the order built its first convent near the church of Saint-Jacques in Paris (the masc. proper name Jacques is from Late Latin Iacobus; see Jacob). The Revolutionary extremists made their club headquarters there October 1789 and supported Robespierre during the Terror. It was suppressed in November 1794. In English, used generically of radicals and allegedly radical reformers since 1793. Related: Jacobinism.
Wikipedia
A Jacobin was a member of the Jacobin Club, a revolutionary political movement that was the most famous political club during the French Revolution (1789–99). The club was so called from the Dominican convent where they originally met, in the Rue Saint-Jacques (Latin: Jacobus) in Paris.
Today, Jacobin and Jacobinism are used in a variety of senses. Jacobin is sometimes used in Britain as a pejorative for radical, left-wing revolutionary politics , especially when it exhibits dogmatism and violent repression. In France, Jacobin now generally indicates a supporter of a centralized republican state and strong central government powers and/or supporters of extensive government intervention to transform society.
Jacobin may refer to:
- Jacobin (politics), a member of the Jacobin club, or political radical, generally
- The Jacobin, an opera by Antonín Dvořák
- The Jacobin Club, a political club during the French Revolution
- Jacobin (magazine), an American leftist political magazine.
- Jacobin (pigeon), a breed of domestic pigeon
- Danish Jacobin, a breed of domestic pigeon
- Jacobin violet, another name for the French wine grape Pascal blanc
- Jacobin (hummingbird), two species of hummingbirds from the genus Florisuga
- Dominican Order, the Catholic religious order known in France as the Jacobin Order
- The Black Jacobins, a book about the Haitian revolution by C.L.R. James.
The jacobins are two species of hummingbirds in the genus Florisuga. It contains the following species:
- White-necked jacobin (Florisuga mellivora)
- Black jacobin (Florisuga fusca)
Category:Florisuga
Jacobin is a left-wing quarterly magazine based in New York. Its self-styled raison d'être is as a "leading voice of the American left, offering socialist perspectives on politics, economics, and culture".
The Society of the Friends of the Constitution , after 1792 renamed Society of the Jacobins, Friends of Freedom and Equality , commonly known as the Jacobin Club (Club des Jacobins) or just collectively Jacobins (, ), was the most famous and influential political club in the development of the French Revolution. Initially founded by anti-Royalist deputies from Brittany, the Club grew into a nationwide republican movement, with a membership estimated at a half million or more. The Jacobin Club was heterogeneous and included both prominent parliamentary factions of the early 1790s, the radical Mountain and the more moderate Girondists.
In 1792–3, the Girondists (led by Brissot and including Thomas Paine) dominated the Jacobin Club and led the country. Believing that revolutionary France would not be accepted by its neighbours, they called for an aggressive foreign policy and forced war on Austria. The Girondists were the dominant faction when the Jacobins overthrew the monarchy and created the republic. When the Republic failed to deliver the unrealistic gains that had been expected, they lost popularity. The Girondists sought to curb fanatical revolutionary violence, and were therefore accused by the Mountain of being royalist sympathisers. The National Guard eventually switched its support from the Girondists to the Mountain, allowing the Mountain to stage a coup d'etat.
In May 1793, led by Maximilien de Robespierre, the leaders of the Mountain faction succeeded in sidelining the Girondist faction and controlled the government until July 1794. Their time in government was characterized by radically progressive legislation imposed with very high levels of political violence. In June 1793, they approved the Constitution of Year 1 which introduced universal male suffrage for the first time in history. In September 1793, twenty-one prominent Girondists were guillotined, beginning the Reign of Terror. In October, during the Terror, the new constitution was ratified in a referendum which most eligible voters avoided participating in. The Mountain executed tens of thousands of opponents nationwide, ostensibly to suppress the Vendée insurrection and the Federalist insurrections, and to prevent any other insurrections, during the War of the First Coalition.
In 1794, the fall of Robespierre pushed the Mountain out of power. The Jacobin Club was closed and many of its remaining leaders, notably Robespierre, were themselves executed.
Today, Jacobin and Jacobinism are used in a variety of senses. In Britain, where the term "Jacobin" has been linked primarily to the Mountain, it is sometimes used as a pejorative for radical, left-wing revolutionary politics, especially when it exhibits dogmatism and violent repression. In France, "Jacobin" now generally indicates a supporter of a centralized republican state and strong central government powers and/or supporters of extensive government intervention to transform society. It is also used in other related senses, indicating proponents of a state education system which strongly promotes and inculcates civic values, and proponents of a strong nation-state capable of resisting any undesirable foreign interference.
Usage examples of "jacobin".
A few minutes afterwards, a tall Jacobin friar, blind of one eye, called Corsini, whom I had known in Venice, came in and paid me many compliments.
He claimed to have created a Russian Jacobinism and yet only borrowed from the Jacobins their technique of action, since he, too, denied every principle and every virtue.
Gozzi, placing implicit confidence in the physician, would not listen to his mother, and did not send for the Jacobin friar.
But neither the Committee nor the Muscadins could destroy the Jacobin himself.
The Parisian mob, however much it had now lost of its insurrectional vigour, felt starvation no less keenly than before, and hunger made doubly dangerous the continued strugglings of Jacobins and Muscadins for power.
They were supported by local Jacobin militants who had either been harassed during the federalist ascendancy or who simply enjoyed showing off their anticlerical zeal.
I gave way to that feeling of false pride which so often causes the ruin of young men, and after losing four sequins I expressed a wish to retire, but my honest friend, the Jacobin contrived to make me risk four more sequins in partnership with him.
That would go some way to providing a feeling of revenge, an emotion that Antoine de la Mery conjured up every time he thought of the Jacobin murderer.
Frankly, I find it hard to see how a state can be both pro-slavery and antisecession, as persnickety Kentucky seems to be, but the Ancient is willing to take the most egregious abuse from the abolitionist Jacobins among the Republicans rather than offend the peace Democrats who still profess to be loyal.
Oh, Mrs Fox knows there is gossip about her, generated by ladies who judge her to be a disgrace to polite society, a sansculotte in disguise, a Jacobin with an ugly face.
He looked until he saw his mistress coming hastily, and she was soon with him, and they rejoiced greatly, and the good Jacobin took off his gown and his scapulary, and kissed and cuddled tightly the fair nun.
Edmund Charles Genet, the audacious new envoy from Jacobin France, was the son of Edme Genet, the French foreign office translator, with whom Adams had once worked in Paris, turning out propaganda for the American Revolution.
There were Jacobins, Proudhonists, Internationalists, Blanquists and several other variations.
Jacobin and Cordelier Clubs the coarsest libels were poured forth against her with unremitting perseverance to stimulate and justify the most obscene and ferocious threats.
These parties are known in history as the Thermidorians and the Jacobins.