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IBMX

IBMX, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, like other methylated xanthine derivatives, is both a

  1. competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor which raises intracellular cAMP, activates PKA, inhibits TNF-alpha and leukotriene synthesis, and reduces inflammation and innate immunity and
  2. nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist.

As a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, IBMX has IC = 2-50 μM and does not inhibit PDE8 or PDE9.