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Heracleides , son of Lysimachus, was a Syracusan and one of the three strategoi (generals) appointed by the Syracusans after the first defeat they suffered from the Athenians on their arrival in Sicily during the Sicilian Expedition, in 415 BCE. His colleagues were Hermocrates and Sicanus, and they were invested with full powers, the late defeat being justly ascribed by Hermocrates to the too great number of the generals, and their want of sufficient control over their troops. They were deposed from their command in the following summer, on account of their failure in preventing the progress of the Athenian works. Of the three generals appointed in their place, one was also named Heracleides.
Heracleides , son of Aristogenes, was a Syracusan who was one of the commanders of the Syracusan squadron sent to co-operate with the Lacedaemonians and their allies. He joined Tissaphernes at Ephesus just in time to take part in the defeat of the Athenians under Thrasyllus in 409 BCE.
Heracleides was a Syracusan who held the chief command of the mercenary forces under Dionysius II of Syracuse.
We have little information as to the causes which led to his exile from Syracuse, but it may be inferred, from an expression of Plutarch that he was suspected of conspiring with Dion of Syracuse and others to overthrow Dionysius: and it seems clear that he must have fled from Syracuse either at the same time with Dion and Dion's son Megacles, or shortly afterwards.
Having joined the other exiles in the Peloponnesus, he co-operated with Dion in his preparations for the overthrow of Dionysius, and the liberation of Syracuse, but did not accompany him when he actually sailed, having remained behind in the Peloponnesus in order to assemble a larger force both of ships and soldiers. According to the historian Diodorus Siculus, his departure was for some time retarded by adverse weather; but Plutarch (whose account is throughout unfavorable to Heracleides) ascribes the delay to his jealousy of Dion. It is certain, however, that he eventually joined the latter at Syracuse, with a force of 20 triremes and 1,500 heavy-armed troops. He was received with acclamations by the Syracusans, who immediately proclaimed him commander-in-chief of their naval forces, an appointment which was resented by Dion as an infringement of the supreme authority already entrusted to himself; but the people having revoked their decree, he himself reinstated Heracleides of his own authority.
Dionysius was at this time shut up in the island citadel of Ortygia, and mainly dependent for his supplies upon the command of the sea. Philistus now approached to his relief with a fleet of 60 triremes, but he was encountered by Heracleides with a force about equal to his own; and after an obstinate combat, totally defeated. Philistus himself fell into the hands of the Syracusans, by whom he was put to death; and Dionysius, now almost despairing of success, soon after quitted Syracuse, leaving Apollocrates in charge of the citadel in 356 BCE. The distinguished part which Heracleides had borne in these successes led him to contest with Dion the position of leader in those that remained to be achieved, and his pretensions were supported by a large party among the Syracusans themselves, who are said to have entertained less jealousy of his seeking to possess himself of the sovereign power than they felt in regard to Dion.
Unfortunately our knowledge of the subsequent intrigues and dissensions between the two leaders is almost wholly derived from Plutarch; and his manifest partiality to Dion renders his statements concerning his rival liable to much suspicion. Heracleides was at first triumphant; twenty-five generals, of whom he was one, were appointed to take the command, and Dion retired in disgust, accompanied by the mercenary troops in his pay, to Leontini. But the mismanagement of the new generals, and the advantages gained by Hypsius, who had arrived in the citadel with a large reinforcement, soon compelled the Syracusans to have recourse once more to Dion.
Heracleides had been disabled by a wound; but he not only joined in sending messages to Dion, imploring his assistance, but immediately on his arrival placed himself in his power, and sued for forgiveness. This was readily granted by Dion, who was reinstated in his position of general autocrator, on the proposal of Heracleides himself, and in return bestowed upon the latter once more the sole command by sea. Yet the reconciliation was far from sincere: Heracleides, if we may believe the accounts of his enemies, withdrew, with the fleet under his command, to Messana, and even entered into negotiations with Dionysius: but he was again induced to submit to Dion, who (contrary, it is said, to the advice of all his friends) spared his life, and restored him to favor. But when the departure of Apollocrates had left Dion sole master of Syracuse in 354 BCE, he no longer hesitated to remove his rival, whom he justly regarded as the chief obstacle to his ambitious designs; and under pretense that Heracleides was again intriguing against him, he had him put to death in his own house by a band of armed men.
The popularity of Heracleides was so great, and the grief and indignation of the Syracusans, on learning his death, broke forth with so much violence, that Dion was compelled to honor him with a splendid funeral, and to make a public oration in extenuation of his crime.
Heracleides was an architect in the time of the Roman emperor Trajan, who is known by two inscriptions found in Egypt.
Heracleides was a rhetorician from Lycia, who lived and taught in Athens and Smyrna in the second century.
Heracleides was a man of ancient Syracuse, Sicily who was a relative of Agathocles of Syracuse, probably his uncle, and probably distinct from another Heracleides. Nothing further is known of him.
There was a group in Syracuse at the time called the "Six Hundred Noblest" that was composed of the most influential citizens. Its leaders were Heracleides (Heraclides) and Sosistratus. Some scholars have suggested it possible that this Heracleides could be the same as Agathocles's uncle Heracleides, which would have implications for the common story of the low social station of Agathocles's family.
Heracleides was one of the three ambassadors sent by the Seleucid ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes to Rome to support his claims on Coele-Syria against Ptolemy VI Philometor, and defend his conduct in waging war upon him, 169 BCE.
The same three ambassadors seem to have been sent again after Antiochus had been interrupted in his career of conquest by the mission of Popillius, and compelled to raise the siege of Alexandria. It is not improbable that this Heracleides is the same who is spoken of by Appian as one of the favorites of Antiochus Epiphanes, by whom he was appointed to superintend the finances of his whole kingdom.
After the death of Antiochus, and the establishment of Demetrius I Soter upon the throne in 162 BCE, Heracleides was driven into exile by the new sovereign. In order to revenge himself, he gave his support to, if he did not originate, the imposture of Alexander Balas, who set up a claim to the throne of Syria, pretending to be a son of Antiochus Epiphanes. Heracleides repaired, together with the pretender and Laodice VI, daughter of Antiochus, to Rome, where, by the lavish distribution of his great wealth, and the influence of his popular manners and address, he succeeded in obtaining an ambiguous promise of support from the Roman senate. Of this he immediately availed himself to raise a force of mercenary troops for the invasion of Syria, and effected a landing, together with Alexander, at Ephesus.
What became of him after this we know not, as his name is not mentioned during the struggle that ensued between Alexander and Demetrius, nor after the elevations of the former to the throne of Syria.
Heracleides , son of Agathocles of Syracuse, was a man of ancient Syracuse in the 4th century BCE. He accompanied his father on his memorable expedition to Africa, and appears to have been regarded by him with especial favor, as when Agathocles, at length despairing of success in Africa, and unable to carry off his army, determined to secure his own safety by secret flight, he selected Heracleides for his companion, leaving his eldest son, Archagathus, to his fate. The latter, however, obtained information of his intention, and communicated it to the soldiery, who thereupon arrested both Agathocles and Heracleides: but they were afterwards induced to set the tyrant himself at liberty, of which he immediately availed himself to make his escape to Sicily, and the soldiers, enraged at his desertion, put to death both Heracleides and Archagathus in 307 BCE.