Crossword clues for glutenin
glutenin
Wiktionary
n. (context protein English) The glutelin protein of wheat
Wikipedia
Glutenin (a type of glutelin) is the major protein within wheat flour, making up 47% of the total protein content. The glutenins are protein aggregates of high- molecular-mass (HMW) and low-molecular-mass (LMW) subunits with molar masses from about 200,000 to a few million, which are stabilized by intermolecular disulfide bonds, hydrophobic interactions and other forces. Glutenin is responsible for the strength and elasticity of dough.
Wheat gluten proteins consist of two major fractions: the gliadins and the glutenins. Gliadins are monomeric proteins, which can be separated into four groups: alpha-, beta-, gamma- and omega-gliadins. Glutenins occur as multimeric aggregates of high-molecular-mass and low-molecular-mass subunits held together by disulphide bonds. In wheat, omega- and gamma-gliadins are encoded by genes at the Gli-1 loci located on the short arms of group-1 chromosomes, while alpha- and beta-gliadin-encoding genes are located on the short arms of group-6 chromosomes. LMW glutenins are encoded by genes at the Glu-3 loci that are closely linked to the Gli-1 loci. HMW glutenins are encoded by genes at the Glu-1 loci found on the long arms of group-1 chromosomes. Each Glu-1 locus consists of two tightly linked genes encoding one x-type and one y-type HMW glutenin, with polymorphism giving rise to a number of different alleles at each locus. The y-type genes at the Glu-A1 locus are not expressed in hexaploid wheat. Due to the very close linkage between the x- and y-type genes, HMW glutenins are classified into alleles according to the x- and y-type subunits expressed.
Considerable efforts have been made to understand the relationship of gliadin and glutenin composition to the rheological properties of wheat dough. It is now well understood that the properties of various wheat storage proteins have a major effect on dough rheological properties. The gliadin and glutenin components contribute to dough quality either in an independent manner (additive genetic effects) or in interactive manner ( epistatic effects). It was suggested that the apparent effects of gliadins on dough quality should be attributed to the LMW glutenins due to the close linkage of the Gli-1 and Glu-3 loci. Generally, HMW glutenins have been found to be more important than gliadins and LMW glutenins for dough rheological properties.
Breadmaking qualities are largely dependent on the number and composition of HMW glutenin subunits. It has been demonstrated that alleles Glu-A1b (Ax2∗) and Glu-D1d (Dx5 + Dy10) are normally associated with superior end-use quality, especially dough strength.
Usage examples of "glutenin".
The water brings together the two main types of protein in flour, glutenin and gliadin, and the result is glutenthe sticky, elastic substance that makes the mixture stringy and clotted.
When you stir water into flour, the glutenin and gliadin come alive, connecting with the water and with each other to form gluten, a tough and stretchy substance that, when kneaded or stirred or stretched, forms the elastic network that gives structure to bread, but turns pastry and cakes tough and rubbery.
By coating the little particles of flour, shortening waterproofs the protein, prevents the water from reaching the gliadin and glutenin, and thus makes it impossible for them to combine and form gluten.